En utilisant cette même astuce, vous pouvez utiliser un modèle Pydantic pour définir le schéma JSON qui est ensuite inclus dans la section de schéma OpenAPI personnalisée pour le *chemin* concerné.

Et vous pouvez le faire même si le type de données dans la requête n'est pas au format JSON.

    ```

    To learn more about Python Packages and Modules, read <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">the official Python documentation about Modules</a>.

### Avoid name collisions

We are importing the submodule `items` directly, instead of importing just its variable `router`.

This is because we also have another variable named `router` in the submodule `users`.

!!! warning
    If you do this, you have to make sure each one of your *path operation functions* has a unique name.

    Even if they are in different modules (Python files).

## Exclude from OpenAPI

To exclude a *path operation* from the generated OpenAPI schema (and thus, from the automatic documentation systems), use the parameter `include_in_schema` and set it to `False`:

## Create the Pydantic models

Now let's check the file `sql_app/schemas.py`.

!!! tip
    To avoid confusion between the SQLAlchemy *models* and the Pydantic *models*, we will have the file `models.py` with the SQLAlchemy models, and the file `schemas.py` with the Pydantic models.

    These Pydantic models define more or less a "schema" (a valid data shape).

    - tutorial/body-multiple-params.md
    - tutorial/body-fields.md
    - tutorial/body-nested-models.md
    - tutorial/schema-extra-example.md
    - tutorial/extra-data-types.md
    - tutorial/cookie-params.md
    - tutorial/header-params.md
    - tutorial/response-model.md
    - tutorial/extra-models.md
    - tutorial/response-status-code.md
    - tutorial/request-forms.md
    - tutorial/request-files.md

    ```Python
    from app.routers import items, users
    ```

    Um mehr über Python-Packages und -Module zu erfahren, lesen Sie <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">die offizielle Python-Dokumentation über Module</a>.

### Namenskollisionen vermeiden

Wir importieren das Submodul `items` direkt, anstatt nur seine Variable `router` zu importieren.

## Separating tests

In a real application, you probably would have your tests in a different file.

And your **FastAPI** application might also be composed of several files/modules, etc.

### **FastAPI** app file

Let's say you have a file structure as described in [Bigger Applications](bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}:

```
.
├── app
│   ├── __init__.py

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="7  9  14  20  22  27-28  31-33  38-39"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9  11  16  22  24  29-30  33-35  40-41"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001.py!}
    ```

!!! info

[tool.hatch.version]
path = "fastapi/__init__.py"

[tool.mypy]
strict = true

[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
module = "fastapi.concurrency"
warn_unused_ignores = false
ignore_missing_imports = true

[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
module = "fastapi.tests.*"
ignore_missing_imports = true
check_untyped_defs = true

[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
module = "docs_src.*"
disallow_incomplete_defs = false
disallow_untyped_defs = false

# OpenAPI-`models`

OpenAPI Pydantic-Modelle, werden zum Generieren und Validieren der generierten OpenAPI verwendet.