cache.updatedAt = time.Now()
		return nil
	}

	gi := cache.iamGroupsMap[group]

	// Updating the group memberships cache happens in two steps:
	//
	// 1. Remove the group from each user's list of memberships.
	// 2. Add the group to each member's list of memberships.
	//
	// This ensures that regardless of members being added or
	// removed, the cache stays current.

	if isMCP {
		// Special credentials handling when using ASM Managed Control Plane.
		mem, err := getHubMembership(ctx, kubeClient)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query Hub membership: %w", err)
		}
		aud = []string{mem.WorkloadIdentityPool}
	}
	k8sCreds, err := kubeClient.CreatePerRPCCredentials(ctx, ns, serviceAccount, aud, defaultExpirationSeconds)
	if err != nil {

			gSet := set.CreateStringSet(cred.Groups...)
			if gSet.Equals(currGroupsSet) {
				// No change to groups memberships for this
				// credential.
				continue
			}

			// Expired credentials don't need group membership updates.
			if cred.IsExpired() {
				continue
			}

			cred.Groups = currGroups

	client := exClient.Dynamic()
	gvr := schema.GroupVersionResource{
		Group:    "hub.gke.io",
		Version:  "v1",
		Resource: "memberships",
	}
	u, err := client.Resource(gvr).Get(ctx, "membership", metav1.GetOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	spec, ok := u.Object["spec"].(map[string]any)
	if !ok {
		return nil, errors.New(`field "spec" is not a map`)
	}