private static final String ERROR_ADDED_PARALLEL_EDGE =
      "Should not be allowed to add a parallel edge.";
  private static final String ERROR_ADDED_SELF_LOOP =
      "Should not be allowed to add a self-loop edge.";
  static final String ERROR_SELF_LOOP = "self-loops are not allowed";

  @Test
  public void transitiveClosure_directedGraph() {

  protected final String escapeSlow(String s, int index) {
    int slen = s.length();

    // Get a destination buffer and setup some loop variables.
    char[] dest = Platform.charBufferFromThreadLocal();
    int destSize = dest.length;
    int destIndex = 0;
    int lastEscape = 0;

    // Loop through the rest of the string, replacing when needed into the
    // destination buffer, which gets grown as needed as well.

  // here too.
  static final String ERROR_MODIFIABLE_SET = "Set returned is unexpectedly modifiable";
  static final String ERROR_SELF_LOOP = "self-loops are not allowed";
  static final String ERROR_ADDED_SELF_LOOP = "Should not be allowed to add a self-loop edge.";

  /** Creates and returns an instance of the graph to be tested. */
  abstract Graph<Integer> createGraph();

  /**

          + "that allows parallel edges, call allowsParallelEdges(true) on the Builder.";
  static final String SELF_LOOPS_NOT_ALLOWED =
      "Cannot add self-loop edge on node %s, as self-loops are not allowed. To construct a graph "
          + "that allows self-loops, call allowsSelfLoops(true) on the Builder.";
  static final String NOT_AVAILABLE_ON_UNDIRECTED =

    if (Charsets.UTF_8.equals(charset)) {
      int utf16Length = input.length();
      int h1 = seed;
      int i = 0;
      int len = 0;

      // This loop optimizes for pure ASCII.
      while (i + 4 <= utf16Length) {
        char c0 = input.charAt(i);
        char c1 = input.charAt(i + 1);
        char c2 = input.charAt(i + 2);
        char c3 = input.charAt(i + 3);

   * </pre>
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there is a loop in the causal chain
   */
  public static Throwable getRootCause(Throwable throwable) {
    // Keep a second pointer that slowly walks the causal chain. If the fast pointer ever catches
    // the slower pointer, then there's a loop.
    Throwable slowPointer = throwable;
    boolean advanceSlowPointer = false;

   * </pre>
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there is a loop in the causal chain
   */
  public static Throwable getRootCause(Throwable throwable) {
    // Keep a second pointer that slowly walks the causal chain. If the fast pointer ever catches
    // the slower pointer, then there's a loop.
    Throwable slowPointer = throwable;
    boolean advanceSlowPointer = false;

    if (finalizeReferentMethod == null) {
      return false;
    }

    if (!finalizeReference(firstReference, finalizeReferentMethod)) {
      return false;
    }

    /*
     * Loop as long as we have references available so as not to waste CPU looking up the Method
     * over and over again.
     */
    while (true) {
      Reference<?> furtherReference = queue.poll();

  protected void startUp() throws Exception {}

  /**
   * Run the service. This method is invoked on the execution thread. Implementations must respond
   * to stop requests. You could poll for lifecycle changes in a work loop:
   *
   * <pre>
   *   public void run() {
   *     while ({@link #isRunning()}) {
   *       // perform a unit of work
   *     }
   *   }
   * </pre>
   *

  /**
   * Returns the next element. <b>Note:</b> the implementation must call {@link #endOfData()} when
   * there are no elements left in the iteration. Failure to do so could result in an infinite loop.
   *
   * <p>The initial invocation of {@link #hasNext()} or {@link #next()} calls this method, as does
   * the first invocation of {@code hasNext} or {@code next} following each successful call to