} catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("Failed to create handle state directory: " + stateDirectory, e);
        }

        // Load persisted handles on startup
        loadPersistedHandles();

        // Schedule periodic persistence and cleanup
        scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(this::periodicMaintenance, 30, 30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

    /**
     * Request a new durable handle