class ForwardFunction
    : public std::function<Status(const std::vector<Gradient*>&,
                                  std::vector<Gradient*>*, bool)> {
 public:
  template <typename lambda_type>
  explicit ForwardFunction(lambda_type lambda)
      : std::function<Status(const std::vector<Gradient*>&,
                             std::vector<Gradient*>*, bool)>(lambda) {}
};