if columnType.ScanType() != nil {
				values[idx] = reflect.New(reflect.PtrTo(columnType.ScanType())).Interface()
			} else {
				values[idx] = new(interface{})
			}
		}
	} else {
		for idx := range columns {
			values[idx] = new(interface{})
		}
	}
}

func scanIntoMap(mapValue map[string]interface{}, values []interface{}, columns []string) {
	for idx, column := range columns {

func TestCreateFromMapWithoutPK(t *testing.T) {
	if !isMysql() {
		t.Skipf("This test case skipped, because of only supporting for mysql")
	}

	// case 1: one record, create from map[string]interface{}
	mapValue1 := map[string]interface{}{"name": "create_from_map_with_schema1", "age": 1}
	if err := DB.Model(&User{}).Create(mapValue1).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to create data from map, got error: %v", err)
	}

package schema_test

import (
	"sync"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
)

func checkStructRelation(t *testing.T, data interface{}, relations ...Relation) {
	if s, err := schema.Parse(data, &sync.Map{}, schema.NamingStrategy{}); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("Failed to parse schema, got error %v", err)
	} else {
		for _, rel := range relations {
			checkSchemaRelation(t, s, rel)
		}
	}
}

	gorm.Dialector
}

type printSQLLogger struct {
	logger.Interface
}

func (l *printSQLLogger) Trace(ctx context.Context, begin time.Time, fc func() (sql string, rowsAffected int64), err error) {
	sql, _ := fc()
	fmt.Println(sql + ";")
	l.Interface.Trace(ctx, begin, fc, err)
}

// GormDataTypeInterface gorm data type interface
type GormDataTypeInterface interface {
	GormDBDataType(*gorm.DB, *schema.Field) string
}

//
// [docs]: https://gorm.io/docs/sql_builder.html#Clauses
func (db *DB) Clauses(conds ...clause.Expression) (tx *DB) {
	tx = db.getInstance()
	var whereConds []interface{}

	for _, cond := range conds {
		if c, ok := cond.(clause.Interface); ok {
			tx.Statement.AddClause(c)
		} else if optimizer, ok := cond.(StatementModifier); ok {
			optimizer.ModifyStatement(tx.Statement)
		} else {

						}
					}
				} else if andCond, ok := expr.(clause.AndConditions); ok {
					db.assignInterfacesToValue(andCond.Exprs)
				}
			}
		case clause.Expression, map[string]string, map[interface{}]interface{}, map[string]interface{}:
			if exprs := db.Statement.BuildCondition(value); len(exprs) > 0 {
				db.assignInterfacesToValue(exprs)
			}
		default:

		switch values := db.Statement.Dest.(type) {
		case map[string]interface{}:
			values[pkFieldName] = insertID
		case *map[string]interface{}:
			(*values)[pkFieldName] = insertID
		case []map[string]interface{}, *[]map[string]interface{}:
			mapValues, ok := values.([]map[string]interface{})
			if !ok {
				if v, ok := values.(*[]map[string]interface{}); ok {
					if *v != nil {
						mapValues = *v
					}
				}

							db.AddError(ref.ForeignKey.Set(db.Statement.Context, obj, pv))

							if dest, ok := db.Statement.Dest.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
								dest[ref.ForeignKey.DBName] = pv
								if _, ok := dest[rel.Name]; ok {
									dest[rel.Name] = elem.Interface()
								}
							}
						}
					}
				}

				switch db.Statement.ReflectValue.Kind() {
				case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:

	}

	DB.Model(&product).Select("code", "price").Updates(map[string]interface{}{"code": "L1212"})

	if product.Price != 150 || product.Code != "L1212" {
		t.Errorf("invalid data after update, got %+v", product)
	}

	// Code not changed, price should not change
	DB.Model(&product).Updates(map[string]interface{}{"Name": "Product New"})

				for idx, dbName := range db.Statement.Schema.DBNames {
					clauseSelect.Columns[idx] = clause.Column{Table: db.Statement.Table, Name: dbName}
				}
			}

			specifiedRelationsName := make(map[string]interface{})
			for _, join := range db.Statement.Joins {
				if db.Statement.Schema != nil {
					var isRelations bool // is relations or raw sql
					var relations []*schema.Relationship