## `Security()`

For many scenarios, you can handle security (authorization, authentication, etc.) with dependencies, using `Depends()`.

But when you want to also declare OAuth2 scopes, you can use `Security()` instead of `Depends()`.

You can import `Security()` directly from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import Security
```

## HTTPX

Even if your **FastAPI** application uses normal `def` functions instead of `async def`, it is still an `async` application underneath.

        else -> parent.parentOrRoot()
    }
}


fun Project.releasedVersionsFile() = repoRoot().file("released-versions.json")


/**
 * We use command line Git instead of JGit, because JGit's `Repository.resolve` does not work with worktrees.
 */
fun Project.currentGitBranchViaFileSystemQuery(): Provider<String> = getBuildEnvironmentExtension()?.gitBranch ?: objects.property(String::class.java)

### Path operation functions

When you declare a *path operation function* with normal `def` instead of `async def`, it is run in an external threadpool that is then awaited, instead of being called directly (as it would block the server).

    The examples here use `.dict()` for compatibility with Pydantic v1, but you should use `.model_dump()` instead if you can use Pydantic v2.

### About `**user_in.dict()`

#### Pydantic's `.dict()`

`user_in` is a Pydantic model of class `UserIn`.

title="A utility/system to store computed/generated values, to re-use them instead of computing them again.">"cache"</abbr> and pass it to all the "dependants" that need it in that specific request, instead of calling the dependency multiple times for the same request.

In an advanced scenario where you know you need the dependency to be called at every step (possibly multiple times) in the same request instead of using the "cached" value, you can set the parameter `use_cache=False` when...

## Test the app

Then we can just test the app as normally.

```Python hl_lines="32-47"
{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/tests/test_sql_app.py!}
```

        val initialString = gson.toJson(AcceptedApiChanges(changes))
        return adjustIndentation(initialString) + "\n"
    }

    /**
     * It appears there is no way to configure Gson to use 4 spaces instead of 2 for indentation.
     *
     * See: https://github.com/google/gson/blob/master/UserGuide.md#TOC-Compact-Vs.-Pretty-Printing-for-JSON-Output-Format
     */
    private

making it difficult to use `Reset` and `Stop` correctly.
A visible effect of this change is that `len` and `cap` of timer channels
now returns 0 instead of 1, which may affect programs that
poll the length to decide whether a receive on the timer channel
will succeed.
Such code should use a non-blocking receive instead.

These new behaviors are only enabled when the main Go program
is in a module with a `go.mod` `go` line using Go 1.23.0 or later.

# Form Data

When you need to receive form fields instead of JSON, you can use `Form`.

!!! info
    To use forms, first install <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>.

    E.g. `pip install python-multipart`.

## Import `Form`

Import `Form` from `fastapi`:

=== "Python 3.9+"

    ```Python hl_lines="3"