}

    /**
     * Decodes the given host string using the specified encoding.
     *
     * @param host the host string to decode
     * @return the decoded host string
     */
    protected String decode(final String host) {
        if (host.indexOf('%') == -1) {
            return host;
        }
        try {
            return URLDecoder.decode(host, encoding);

 * that controls the interval between requests to the same host.
 * It uses a ConcurrentMap to store the last access time for each host.
 * The delayBeforeProcessing method is overridden to introduce a delay before processing a URL,
 * ensuring that requests to the same host are not made too frequently.
 * The delay is calculated based on the configured delayMillisBeforeProcessing parameter.

        IdnDnsResolver resolver = new IdnDnsResolver();

        String host = "www.codelibs.org";
        String expected = "www.codelibs.org";
        assertEquals(expected, resolver.toAscii(host));

        host = "テスト.org";
        expected = "xn--zckzah.org";
        assertEquals(expected, resolver.toAscii(host));

        host = "xn--zckzah.org";
        expected = "xn--zckzah.org";

    /**
     * Gets the active external host IP address for active mode FTP.
     *
     * @return The active external host IP address
     */
    public String getActiveExternalHost() {
        return activeExternalHost;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the active external host IP address for active mode FTP.
     *
     * @param activeExternalHost The active external host IP address
     */

     * @return The created OpenSearch client.
     */
    protected Client createClient() {
        final String[] hosts =
                split(address, ",").get(stream -> stream.map(String::trim).filter(StringUtil::isNotEmpty).toArray(n -> new String[n]));
        final Settings settings = Settings.builder().putList("http.hosts", hosts).build();
        return new HttpClient(settings, null);
    }

    /**

            closeResources(httpRequest, responseData);
            throw new CrawlingAccessException("Unknown host(" + e.getMessage() + "): " + url, e);
        } catch (final NoRouteToHostException e) {
            closeResources(httpRequest, responseData);
            throw new CrawlingAccessException("No route to host(" + e.getMessage() + "): " + url, e);
        } catch (final ConnectException e) {

        sambaServer.start();
        logger.info("Samba container started");

        String host = sambaServer.getContainerIpAddress();
        Integer port = sambaServer.getMappedPort(445);
        baseUrl = "smb://" + host + ":" + port + "/users/";
        logger.info("Base URL: {}", baseUrl);

        StandardCrawlerContainer container = new StandardCrawlerContainer()//

### Connection Pool Tuning

```java
container.singleton("httpClient", HcHttpClient.class, client -> {
    client.setMaxConnections(200);          // Total connections
    client.setMaxConnectionsPerRoute(20);   // Per-host connections
    client.setConnectionTimeout(30000);     // Connection timeout
    client.setSocketTimeout(60000);         // Read timeout
});
```

### Memory Management

```java