# Response Model - Return Type

You can declare the type used for the response by annotating the *path operation function* **return type**.

You can use **type annotations** the same way you would for input data in function **parameters**, you can use Pydantic models, lists, dictionaries, scalar values like integers, booleans, etc.

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="16  21"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01_py310.py!}
    ```

### Step 4: define the **path operation function**

This is our "**path operation function**":

* **path**: is `/`.
* **operation**: is `get`.
* **function**: is the function below the "decorator" (below `@app.get("/")`).

```Python hl_lines="7"
{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!}
```

This is a Python function.

### Custom Generate Unique ID Function

FastAPI uses a **unique ID** for each *path operation*, it is used for the **operation ID** and also for the names of any needed custom models, for requests or responses.

You can customize that function. It takes an `APIRoute` and outputs a string.

participant code as Code
participant function as say_hi()
participant execute as Execute function

    rect rgba(0, 255, 0, .1)
        code ->> function: say_hi(name="Camila")
        function ->> execute: execute function code
        execute ->> code: return the result
    end

    rect rgba(0, 255, 255, .1)
        code ->> function: say_hi(name="Camila")
        function ->> code: return stored result
    end

It is designed to have functions that receive two parameters, one "request" and one "response". Then you "read" parts from the request, and "write" parts to the response. Because of this design, it is not possible to declare request parameters and bodies with standard Python type hints as function parameters.

At some point you would have started the definition of the function, you had the parameters ready...

But then you have to call "that method that converts the first letter to upper case".

Was it `upper`? Was it `uppercase`? `first_uppercase`? `capitalize`?

Then, you try with the old programmer's friend, editor autocompletion.

!!! tip
    Note that, much like [dependencies in *path operation decorators*](dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, no value will be passed to your *path operation function*.

The end result is that the item paths are now:

* `/items/`
* `/items/{item_id}`

...as we intended.

* They will be marked with a list of tags that contain a single string `"items"`.

Bạn viết chuẩn Python với kiểu dữ liệu như sau:

```Python
from datetime import date

from pydantic import BaseModel

# Declare a variable as a str
# and get editor support inside the function
def main(user_id: str):
    return user_id


# A Pydantic model
class User(BaseModel):
    id: int
    name: str
    joined: date
```

Sau đó có thể được sử dụng:

```Python

!!! tip
    You'll see what other "things", apart from functions, can be used as dependencies in the next chapter.

Whenever a new request arrives, **FastAPI** will take care of:

* Calling your dependency ("dependable") function with the correct parameters.
* Get the result from your function.
* Assign that result to the parameter in your *path operation function*.

```mermaid
graph TB

    rect rgba(0, 255, 0, .1)
        code ->> function: say_hi(name="Camila")
        function ->> execute: führe Code der Funktion aus
        execute ->> code: gib das Resultat zurück
    end

    rect rgba(0, 255, 255, .1)
        code ->> function: say_hi(name="Camila")
        function ->> code: gib das gespeicherte Resultat zurück
    end

    rect rgba(0, 255, 0, .1)