}
        return System.currentTimeMillis() - creationTime;
    }

    /**
     * Force rotation of all active keys
     *
     * @return number of keys rotated
     */
    public int forceRotateAllKeys() {
        checkNotClosed();

        int rotated = 0;
        java.util.List<String> sessionIds = new java.util.ArrayList<>(sessionKeys.keySet());

        for (String sessionId : sessionIds) {

        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            keyManager.storeSessionKey("session-" + i, testKey, "AES");
        }

        // Force rotate all
        int rotated = keyManager.forceRotateAllKeys();
        assertEquals(3, rotated, "Should rotate 3 keys");

        // Verify all keys were rotated
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {