Before Let's Encrypt, these **HTTPS certificates** were sold by trusted third parties.

The process to acquire one of these certificates used to be cumbersome, require quite some paperwork and the certificates were quite expensive.

But then **<a href="https://letsencrypt.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Let's Encrypt</a>** was created.

We create an async function `lifespan()` with `yield` like this:

```Python hl_lines="16  19"
{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!}
```

                Each key is the original dependency callable, and the value is the
                actual dependency that should be called.

                This is for testing, to replace expensive dependencies with testing
                versions.

                Read more about it in the

## OAuth2

OAuth2 is a specification that defines several ways to handle authentication and authorization.

It is quite an extensive specification and covers several complex use cases.

It includes ways to authenticate using a "third party".

That's what all the systems with "login with Facebook, Google, Twitter, GitHub" use underneath.

### OAuth 1

## OAuth2

OAuth2 é uma especificação que define várias formas para lidar com autenticação e autorização.

Ela é bastante extensiva na especificação e cobre casos de uso muito complexos.

Ela inclui uma forma para autenticação usando “third party”/aplicações de terceiros.

```Python hl_lines="2-5  15  21"
{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial006.py!}
```