## Embed a single body parameter

Let's say you only have a single `item` body parameter from a Pydantic model `Item`.

By default, **FastAPI** will then expect its body directly.

But if you want it to expect a JSON with a key `item` and inside of it the model contents, as it does when you declare extra body parameters, you can use the special `Body` parameter `embed`:

```Python

    }
    for test_type, expect in types.items():
        app = FastAPI()

        @app.post("/", response_model=test_type)
        def post_endpoint(input: test_type):
            return input

        res = TestClient(app).post("/", json=expect)
        assert res.status_code == 200, res.json()

And you can declare some of the files as `bytes` and some as `UploadFile`.

!!! warning
    You can declare multiple `File` and `Form` parameters in a *path operation*, but you can't also declare `Body` fields that you expect to receive as JSON, as the request will have the body encoded using `multipart/form-data` instead of `application/json`.

    This is not a limitation of **FastAPI**, it's part of the HTTP protocol.

## Recap

```JSON
{
    "message": "Hello World",
    "root_path": "/api/v1"
}
```

So, it won't expect to be accessed at `http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/app`.

Uvicorn will expect the proxy to access Uvicorn at `http://127.0.0.1:8000/app`, and then it would be the proxy's responsibility to add the extra `/api/v1` prefix on top.

A middleware doesn't have to be made for FastAPI or Starlette to work, as long as it follows the ASGI spec.

In general, ASGI middlewares are classes that expect to receive an ASGI app as the first argument.

So, in the documentation for third-party ASGI middlewares they will probably tell you to do something like:

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

        What is the problem, question, or error?

        Write a short description telling me what you are doing, what you expect to happen, and what is currently happening.
      placeholder: |
        * Open the browser and call the endpoint `/`.
        * It returns a JSON with `{"Hello": "World"}`.
        * But I expected it to return `{"Hello": "Sara"}`.
    validations:
      required: true
  - type: dropdown
    id: os
    attributes:

!!! warning
    You can declare multiple `Form` parameters in a *path operation*, but you can't also declare `Body` fields that you expect to receive as JSON, as the request will have the body encoded using `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead of `application/json`.

    This is not a limitation of **FastAPI**, it's part of the HTTP protocol.

## Recap

    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="20"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py!}
    ```

This would mean that **FastAPI** would expect a body similar to:

```JSON
{
    "name": "Foo",
    "description": "The pretender",
    "price": 42.0,
    "tax": 3.2,
    "tags": ["rock", "metal", "bar"],
    "image": {

* It exposes an actual Python <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/tempfile.html#tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile" class="external-link" target="_blank">`SpooledTemporaryFile`</a> object that you can pass directly to other libraries that expect a file-like object.

### `UploadFile`

`UploadFile` has the following attributes:

* `filename`: A `str` with the original file name that was uploaded (e.g. `myimage.jpg`).

In this case, you could want to document how that external API *should* look like. What *path operation* it should have, what body it should expect, what response it should return, etc.

## An app with callbacks

Let's see all this with an example.

Imagine you develop an app that allows creating invoices.