}
      return result;
    }

    @Override
    public long distance(Long start, Long end) {
      long result = end - start;
      if (end > start && result < 0) { // overflow
        return Long.MAX_VALUE;
      }
      if (end < start && result > 0) { // underflow
        return Long.MIN_VALUE;
      }
      return result;
    }

    @Override

    bufferHelper("no newlines at all", "no newlines at all");
    bufferHelper("two lines\nbut no newline at end", "two lines\n", "but no newline at end");
    bufferHelper(
        "\nempty first line\nno newline at end", "\n", "empty first line\n", "no newline at end");
    bufferHelper("three\rlines\rno newline at end", "three\r", "lines\r", "no newline at end");
    bufferHelper("mixed\nline\rendings\r\n", "mixed\n", "line\r", "endings\r\n");
  }

  private final int end; // exclusive

  private ImmutableIntArray(int[] array) {
    this(array, 0, array.length);
  }

  private ImmutableIntArray(int[] array, int start, int end) {
    this.array = array;
    this.start = start;
    this.end = end;
  }

  /** Returns the number of values in this array. */
  public int length() {
    return end - start;
  }

    int end = off + len;
    checkPositionIndexes(off, end, bytes.length);
    // Look for the first non-ASCII character.
    for (int i = off; i < end; i++) {
      if (bytes[i] < 0) {
        return isWellFormedSlowPath(bytes, i, end);
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  private static boolean isWellFormedSlowPath(byte[] bytes, int off, int end) {
    int index = off;

  private final int end; // exclusive

  private ImmutableDoubleArray(double[] array) {
    this(array, 0, array.length);
  }

  private ImmutableDoubleArray(double[] array, int start, int end) {
    this.array = array;
    this.start = start;
    this.end = end;
  }

  /** Returns the number of values in this array. */
  public int length() {

    // enclosed with same end
    assertEquals(Range.closed(6, 8), range.intersection(Range.closed(6, 8)));

    // equal
    assertEquals(range, range.intersection(range));

    // enclosing with same start
    assertEquals(range, range.intersection(Range.closed(4, 10)));

    // enclosing with same end
    assertEquals(range, range.intersection(Range.closed(2, 8)));

    return result;
  }

  /*
   * For discussion of the safety of the following methods for operating on predecessors and
   * successors, see the comments near the end of CompactHashMap, noting that the methods here call
   * link(), which is defined at the end of this file.
   */

  private int getPredecessor(int entry) {
    return ((int) (link(entry) >>> 32)) - 1;
  }

  @Override
  int getSuccessor(int entry) {

   */
  public static final byte CAN = 24;

  /**
   * End of Medium: A control character associated with the sent data which may be used to identify
   * the physical end of the medium, or the end of the used, or wanted, portion of information
   * recorded on a medium. (The position of this character does not necessarily correspond to the
   * physical end of the medium.)
   *
   * @since 8.0
   */

  private static String badPositionIndexes(int start, int end, int size) {
    if (start < 0 || start > size) {
      return badPositionIndex(start, size, "start index");
    }
    if (end < 0 || end > size) {
      return badPositionIndex(end, size, "end index");
    }
    // end < start
    return lenientFormat("end index (%s) must not be less than start index (%s)", end, start);
  }

        append = true;
      }
      dummy ^= sb.toString().length();
    }
    return dummy;
  }

  /**
   * Starts with an empty delimiter and changes to the desired value at the end of the iteration.
   */
  @Benchmark
  int assignDelimiter(int reps) {
    int dummy = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
      String delim = "";