## `HTTPSRedirectMiddleware`

Enforces that all incoming requests must either be `https` or `wss`.

Any incoming requests to `http` or `ws` will be redirected to the secure scheme instead.

```Python hl_lines="2  6"
{!../../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial001.py!}
```

## `TrustedHostMiddleware`

    ```

This will make FastAPI skip the response model generation and that way you can have any return type annotations you need without it affecting your FastAPI application. 🤓

## Response Model encoding parameters

Your response model could have default values, like:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9  11-12"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py!}
    ```

def test_gzip_request(compress):
    n = 1000
    headers = {}
    body = [1] * n
    data = json.dumps(body).encode()
    if compress:
        data = gzip.compress(data)
        headers["Content-Encoding"] = "gzip"
    headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
    response = client.post("/sum", content=data, headers=headers)
    assert response.json() == {"sum": n}


def test_request_class():

    schema_: Optional[Union[Schema, Reference]] = Field(default=None, alias="schema")
    example: Optional[Any] = None
    examples: Optional[Dict[str, Union[Example, Reference]]] = None
    encoding: Optional[Dict[str, Encoding]] = None


class ParameterBase(BaseModelWithConfig):
    description: Optional[str] = None
    required: Optional[bool] = None
    deprecated: Optional[bool] = None

client = TestClient(app)


def test_middleware():
    response = client.get("/large", headers={"accept-encoding": "gzip"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.text == "x" * 4000
    assert response.headers["Content-Encoding"] == "gzip"
    assert int(response.headers["Content-Length"]) < 4000
    response = client.get("/")

Another big feature needed by APIs is data validation, making sure that the data is valid, given certain parameters. For example, that some field is an `int`, and not some random string. This is especially useful for incoming data.

Without a data validation system, you would have to do all the checks by hand, in code.

These features are what Marshmallow was built to provide. It is a great library, and I have used it a lot before.

class GzipRequest(Request):
    async def body(self) -> bytes:
        if not hasattr(self, "_body"):
            body = await super().body()
            if "gzip" in self.headers.getlist("Content-Encoding"):
                body = gzip.decompress(body)
            self._body = body
        return self._body


class GzipRoute(APIRoute):
    def get_route_handler(self) -> Callable:

* `datetime.timedelta`:
    * Пайтонівський `datetime.timedelta`.
    * У запитах та відповідях буде представлений як `float` загальної кількості секунд.
    * Pydantic також дозволяє представляти це як "ISO 8601 time diff encoding", <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/serialization/#json_encoders" class="external-link" target="_blank">більше інформації дивись у документації</a>.
* `frozenset`:

## About "Form Fields"

The way HTML forms (`<form></form>`) sends the data to the server normally uses a "special" encoding for that data, it's different from JSON.

**FastAPI** will make sure to read that data from the right place instead of JSON.

!!! note "Technical Details"

* `datetime.timedelta`:
    * A Python `datetime.timedelta`.
    * In requests and responses will be represented as a `float` of total seconds.
    * Pydantic also allows representing it as a "ISO 8601 time diff encoding", <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/serialization/#json_encoders" class="external-link" target="_blank">see the docs for more info</a>.
* `frozenset`:
    * In requests and responses, treated the same as a `set`: