*
   * @since 14.0
   */
  public static String toLowerCase(CharSequence chars) {
    if (chars instanceof String) {
      return toLowerCase((String) chars);
    }
    char[] newChars = new char[chars.length()];
    for (int i = 0; i < newChars.length; i++) {
      newChars[i] = toLowerCase(chars.charAt(i));
    }
    return String.valueOf(newChars);
  }

  /**

    }
  }

  // 128 - [chars 0x0000 to 0x007f]
  private static final long ONE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_CHARACTERS = 0x007f - 0x0000 + 1;

  // 128
  private static final long EXPECTED_ONE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT =
      ONE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_CHARACTERS;

  // 1920 [chars 0x0080 to 0x07FF]

import com.google.common.collect.testing.google.TestStringListMultimapGenerator;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.google.UnmodifiableCollectionTests;
import com.google.common.primitives.Chars;
import com.google.common.testing.CollectorTester;
import com.google.common.testing.EqualsTester;
import com.google.common.testing.NullPointerTester;
import com.google.common.testing.SerializableTester;

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMultimap;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
import com.google.common.collect.Multiset;
import com.google.common.collect.Ordering;
import com.google.common.primitives.Chars;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;

@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
public class TraverserTest {

  /**

   *         .collect(
   *             flatteningToImmutableSetMultimap(
   *                  str -> str.charAt(0),
   *                  str -> str.substring(1).chars().mapToObj(c -> (char) c));
   *
   * // is equivalent to
   *
   * static final ImmutableSetMultimap<Character, Character> FIRST_LETTER_MULTIMAP =
   *     ImmutableSetMultimap.<Character, Character>builder()

        }
      }
      return chars.subSequence(0, l + 1);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean canDecode(CharSequence chars) {
      checkNotNull(chars);
      chars = trimTrailingPadding(chars);
      if (!alphabet.isValidPaddingStartPosition(chars.length())) {
        return false;
      }
      for (int i = 0; i < chars.length(); i++) {
        if (!alphabet.canDecode(chars.charAt(i))) {
          return false;

 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @since 1.0
 */
@GwtCompatible(emulated = true)
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public final class Chars {
  private Chars() {}

  /**
   * The number of bytes required to represent a primitive {@code char} value.
   *
   * <p><b>Java 8+ users:</b> use {@link Character#BYTES} instead.
   */

    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("abc");
    List<Character> chars = Lists.charactersOf(builder);
    assertEquals(asList('a', 'b', 'c'), chars);
    builder.append("def");
    assertEquals(asList('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'), chars);
    builder.deleteCharAt(5);
    assertEquals(asList('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'), chars);
  }

  public void testNewArrayListEmpty() {

import com.google.common.collect.testing.google.TestStringSetMultimapGenerator;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.google.UnmodifiableCollectionTests;
import com.google.common.primitives.Chars;
import com.google.common.testing.CollectorTester;
import com.google.common.testing.EqualsTester;
import com.google.common.testing.NullPointerTester;
import com.google.common.testing.SerializableTester;

        // with a len of 0 forever
        if (len <= 0) {
          fail("read called with a len of " + len);
        }
        // read fewer than the max number of chars to read
        // shouldn't be a problem unless the buffer is shrinking each call
        return in.read(cbuf, off, Math.max(len - 1024, 0));
      }
    };
  }