* bytes encoded with the given {@link Charset charset}.
   */
  public CharSink asCharSink(Charset charset) {
    return new AsCharSink(charset);
  }

  /**
   * Opens a new {@link OutputStream} for writing to this sink. This method returns a new,
   * independent stream each time it is called.
   *
   * <p>The caller is responsible for ensuring that the returned stream is closed.
   *

   */
  class AsCharSource extends CharSource {

    final Charset charset;

    AsCharSource(Charset charset) {
      this.charset = checkNotNull(charset);
    }

    @Override
    public ByteSource asByteSource(Charset charset) {
      if (charset.equals(this.charset)) {
        return ByteSource.this;
      }

  private final class AsByteSource extends ByteSource {

    final Charset charset;

    AsByteSource(Charset charset) {
      this.charset = checkNotNull(charset);
    }

    @Override
    public CharSource asCharSource(Charset charset) {
      if (charset.equals(this.charset)) {
        return CharSource.this;
      }

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.CharsetEncoder;
import java.nio.charset.CoderResult;
import java.nio.charset.CodingErrorAction;
import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * An {@link InputStream} that converts characters from a {@link Reader} into bytes using an
 * arbitrary Charset.
 *

   * initial write to timer is never definitely visible to Fire.run since it is assigned after
   * SES.schedule is called. Therefore Fire.run has to check for null. However, it should be visible
   * if Fire.run is called by delegate.addListener since addListener is called after the assignment
   * to timer, and importantly this is the main situation in which we need to be able to see the
   * write.
   *

 *
 * <p>If your iterator supports modification through {@code remove()}, you may wish to override the
 * verify() method, which is called after each sequence and is guaranteed to be called
 * using the latest values obtained from {@link IteratorTester#newTargetIterator()}.
 *
 * <p>The value you pass to the parameter {@code steps} should be greater than the length of your

   * href="ImmutableMultimap.html#iteration">grouped by key</a>.
   *
   * <p>Example:
   *
   * <pre>{@code
   * static final Multimap<Character, String> FIRST_LETTER_MULTIMAP =
   *     Stream.of("banana", "apple", "carrot", "asparagus", "cherry")
   *         .collect(toImmutableSetMultimap(str -> str.charAt(0), str -> str.substring(1)));
   *
   * // is equivalent to
   *
   * static final Multimap<Character, String> FIRST_LETTER_MULTIMAP =

 * more simply:
 *
 * <pre>{@code
 * CacheLoader<Key, Graph> loader = CacheLoader.from(key -> createExpensiveGraph(key));
 * }</pre>
 *
 * @author Charles Fry
 * @since 10.0
 */
@GwtCompatible(emulated = true)
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public abstract class CacheLoader<K, V> {
  /** Constructor for use by subclasses. */
  protected CacheLoader() {}

  /**

   * java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets#ISO_8859_1} instead.
   *
   */
  public static final Charset ISO_8859_1 = Charset.forName("ISO-8859-1");

  /**
   * UTF-8: eight-bit UCS Transformation Format.
   *
   * <p><b>Java 7+ users:</b> this constant should be treated as deprecated; use {@link
   * java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets#UTF_8} instead.
   *
   */
  public static final Charset UTF_8 = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

   * {@code Charset}.
   *
   * @since 15.0
   */
  public static Funnel<CharSequence> stringFunnel(Charset charset) {
    return new StringCharsetFunnel(charset);
  }

  private static class StringCharsetFunnel implements Funnel<CharSequence>, Serializable {
    private final Charset charset;

    StringCharsetFunnel(Charset charset) {
      this.charset = Preconditions.checkNotNull(charset);
    }