assertEquals(8, ImmutableSet.chooseTableSize(4));

    assertEquals(1 << 29, ImmutableSet.chooseTableSize(1 << 28));
    assertEquals(1 << 29, ImmutableSet.chooseTableSize((1 << 29) * 3 / 5));

    // Now we hit the cap
    assertEquals(1 << 30, ImmutableSet.chooseTableSize(1 << 29));
    assertEquals(1 << 30, ImmutableSet.chooseTableSize((1 << 30) - 1));

    // Now we've gone too far

 *   for (Runnable task : tasks) {
 *     rateLimiter.acquire(); // may wait
 *     executor.execute(task);
 *   }
 * }
 * }</pre>
 *
 * <p>As another example, imagine that we produce a stream of data, and we want to cap it at 5kb per
 * second. This could be accomplished by requiring a permit per byte, and specifying a rate of 5000
 * permits per second:
 *
 * <pre>{@code

    if (uniques < contents.length / 2) {
      // Deduplication eliminated many of the elements.  We don't want to retain an arbitrarily
      // large array relative to the number of elements, so we cap the ratio.
      contents = Arrays.copyOf(contents, uniques);
    }
    return new RegularImmutableSortedSet<E>(
        ImmutableList.<E>asImmutableList(contents, uniques), comparator);
  }

  /**

    assertEquals(8, ImmutableSet.chooseTableSize(4));

    assertEquals(1 << 29, ImmutableSet.chooseTableSize(1 << 28));
    assertEquals(1 << 29, ImmutableSet.chooseTableSize((1 << 29) * 3 / 5));

    // Now we hit the cap
    assertEquals(1 << 30, ImmutableSet.chooseTableSize(1 << 29));
    assertEquals(1 << 30, ImmutableSet.chooseTableSize((1 << 30) - 1));

    // Now we've gone too far

        /*
         * It's very unlikely that any loaded Futures class will see getChecked called with more
         * than a handful of exceptions. But it seems prudent to set a cap on how many we'll cache.
         * This avoids out-of-control memory consumption, and it keeps the cache from growing so
         * large that doing the lookup is noticeably slower than redoing the work would be.
         *

    if (digit < 0 || digit >= radix) {
      return null;
    }
    long accum = -digit;

    long cap = Long.MIN_VALUE / radix;

    while (index < string.length()) {
      digit = AsciiDigits.digit(string.charAt(index++));
      if (digit < 0 || digit >= radix || accum < cap) {
        return null;
      }
      accum *= radix;
      if (accum < Long.MIN_VALUE + digit) {
        return null;

    if (initialContents instanceof Collection) {
      int initialSize = ((Collection<?>) initialContents).size();
      result = Math.max(result, initialSize);
    }

    // Now cap it at maxSize + 1
    return capAtMaximumSize(result, maximumSize);
  }

  private void growIfNeeded() {
    if (size > queue.length) {
      int newCapacity = calculateNewCapacity();