startBlock := int64(0)
	endBlock := totalLength / e.blockSize
	if totalLength%e.blockSize != 0 {
		endBlock++
	}

	var bufs [][]byte
	for block := startBlock; block < endBlock; block++ {
		var err error
		bufs, err = reader.Read(bufs)
		if len(bufs) > 0 {
			if errors.Is(err, errFileNotFound) || errors.Is(err, errFileCorrupt) {
				if derr == nil {
					derr = err
				}
			}

      byte[] buf = new byte[min(bufSize, MAX_ARRAY_LEN - totalLen)];
      bufs.add(buf);
      int off = 0;
      while (off < buf.length) {
        // always OK to fill buf; its size plus the rest of bufs is never more than MAX_ARRAY_LEN
        int r = in.read(buf, off, buf.length - off);
        if (r == -1) {
          return combineBuffers(bufs, totalLen);
        }
        off += r;

}

func TestWriterReset(t *testing.T) {
	var buf1, buf2, buf3, buf4, buf5 strings.Builder
	w := NewWriter(&buf1)
	w.WriteString("foo")

	w.Reset(&buf2) // and not flushed
	w.WriteString("bar")
	w.Flush()
	if buf1.String() != "" {
		t.Errorf("buf1 = %q; want empty", buf1.String())
	}
	if buf2.String() != "bar" {
		t.Errorf("buf2 = %q; want bar", buf2.String())
	}

	return func(b *testing.B, n int) {
		buf := bmbuf[0:n]
		o := copy(buf, uchars)
		for o < len(buf) {
			o += copy(buf[o:], uchars)
		}

		// Make space for the needle rune at the end of buf.
		m := utf8.RuneLen(needle)
		for o := m; o > 0; {
			_, sz := utf8.DecodeLastRune(buf)
			copy(buf[len(buf)-sz:], "\x00\x00\x00\x00")
			buf = buf[:len(buf)-sz]
			o -= sz
		}

    assertEquals(expected, buf2.toString());
    assertFullyRead(reader);

    // read in chunks to fixed CharBuffer
    reader = new CharSequenceReader(charSequence);
    buf2 = CharBuffer.allocate(5);
    builder = new StringBuilder();
    while (reader.read(buf2) != -1) {
      Java8Compatibility.flip(buf2);
      builder.append(buf2);
      Java8Compatibility.clear(buf2);
    }

	}
	headerDec := buf[:n]
	buf = buf[n:]

	alg, _, _, err := jsonparser.Get(headerDec, "alg")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, &jwtgo.ValidationError{Inner: err, Errors: jwtgo.ValidationErrorMalformed}
	}

	n, err = base64DecodeBytes(token[i+1:j], buf)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, &jwtgo.ValidationError{Inner: err, Errors: jwtgo.ValidationErrorMalformed}
	}

	if err = claims.UnmarshalJSON(buf[:n]); err != nil {

	pool bpool.Pool[*[]byte]
}

func (b *bufPool) Put(buf []byte) {
	if cap(buf) < b.sz || cap(buf) > b.sz*2 {
		// Buffer too small or will likely leak memory after being expanded.
		// Drop it.
		return
	}
	b.pool.Put(&buf)
}

func (b *bufPool) Get() []byte {
	bufp := b.pool.Get()
	if bufp == nil || cap(*bufp) < b.sz {
		return make([]byte, 0, b.sz)
	}
	return (*bufp)[:b.sz]
}

	var buf bytes.Buffer
	for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
		b := buf.AvailableBuffer()
		b = strconv.AppendInt(b, int64(i), 10)
		b = append(b, ' ')
		buf.Write(b)
	}
	os.Stdout.Write(buf.Bytes())
	// Output: 0 1 2 3
}

func ExampleBuffer_Cap() {
	buf1 := bytes.NewBuffer(make([]byte, 10))
	buf2 := bytes.NewBuffer(make([]byte, 0, 10))
	fmt.Println(buf1.Cap())
	fmt.Println(buf2.Cap())
	// Output:
	// 10
	// 10
}

	r, err := NewReader(bytes.NewReader(buf.Bytes()), int64(buf.Len()))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	for i, wt := range writeTests {
		testReadFile(t, r.File[i], &wt)
	}
}

func TestWriterFlush(t *testing.T) {
	var buf bytes.Buffer
	w := NewWriter(struct{ io.Writer }{&buf})
	_, err := w.Create("foo")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if buf.Len() > 0 {

	}

	var written int64
	for {
		buf := alignedBuf
		if totalSize > 0 {
			remaining := totalSize - written
			if remaining < int64(len(buf)) {
				buf = buf[:remaining]
			}
		}

		nr, err := io.ReadFull(r, buf)
		eof := errors.Is(err, io.EOF) || errors.Is(err, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF)
		if err != nil && !eof {
			return written, err
		}

		buf = buf[:nr]
		var (
			n  int
			un int