startBlock := int64(0)
	endBlock := totalLength / e.blockSize
	if totalLength%e.blockSize != 0 {
		endBlock++
	}

	var bufs [][]byte
	for block := startBlock; block < endBlock; block++ {
		var err error
		bufs, err = reader.Read(bufs)
		if len(bufs) > 0 {
			if errors.Is(err, errFileNotFound) || errors.Is(err, errFileCorrupt) {
				if derr == nil {
					derr = err
				}
			}

      byte[] buf = new byte[min(bufSize, MAX_ARRAY_LEN - totalLen)];
      bufs.add(buf);
      int off = 0;
      while (off < buf.length) {
        // always OK to fill buf; its size plus the rest of bufs is never more than MAX_ARRAY_LEN
        int r = in.read(buf, off, buf.length - off);
        if (r == -1) {
          return combineBuffers(bufs, totalLen);
        }
        off += r;

    assertEquals(expected, buf2.toString());
    assertFullyRead(reader);

    // read in chunks to fixed CharBuffer
    reader = new CharSequenceReader(charSequence);
    buf2 = CharBuffer.allocate(5);
    builder = new StringBuilder();
    while (reader.read(buf2) != -1) {
      Java8Compatibility.flip(buf2);
      builder.append(buf2);
      Java8Compatibility.clear(buf2);
    }

		}
	}
	defer syscall.Close(fd)

	bufp := direntPool.Get()
	defer direntPool.Put(bufp)
	buf := *bufp

	boff := 0 // starting read position in buf
	nbuf := 0 // end valid data in buf

	for {
		if boff >= nbuf {
			boff = 0
			stop := globalOSMetrics.time(osMetricReadDirent)
			nbuf, err = syscall.ReadDirent(fd, buf)
			stop()
			if err != nil {
				if isSysErrNotDir(err) {

		// Can never happen unless there are programmer bugs
		return 0, errUnexpected
	}
	b.h.Reset()
	_, err = io.ReadFull(b.rc, b.hashBytes)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	_, err = io.ReadFull(b.rc, buf)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	b.h.Write(buf)
	if !bytes.Equal(b.h.Sum(nil), b.hashBytes) {
		return 0, errFileCorrupt
	}
	b.currOffset += int64(len(buf))
	return len(buf), nil
}

	stat, err := f.Stat()
	if err != nil {
		buf, err = io.ReadAll(f)
		return buf, dmTime, osErrToFileErr(err)
	}
	if stat.IsDir() {
		return nil, dmTime, errFileNotFound
	}

	// Read into appropriate buffer.
	sz := stat.Size()
	if sz <= metaDataReadDefault {
		buf = metaDataPoolGet()
		buf = buf[:sz]
	} else {
		buf = make([]byte, sz)
	}

	// Read file...

}

// Encodes the response headers into XML format.
func encodeResponse(response any) []byte {
	var buf bytes.Buffer
	buf.WriteString(xml.Header)
	if err := xml.NewEncoder(&buf).Encode(response); err != nil {
		bugLogIf(GlobalContext, err)
		return nil
	}
	return buf.Bytes()
}

// Use this encodeResponseList() to support control characters
// this function must be used by only ListObjects() for objects

		// We use 2 buffers, so we always have a full buffer of input.
		pool := globalBytePoolCap.Load()
		bufA := pool.Get()
		bufB := pool.Get()
		defer pool.Put(bufA)
		defer pool.Put(bufB)
		ra, err := readahead.NewReaderBuffer(data, [][]byte{bufA[:fi.Erasure.BlockSize], bufB[:fi.Erasure.BlockSize]})
		if err == nil {
			toEncode = ra
			defer ra.Close()
		}
		bugLogIf(ctx, err)
	}

	bufp := poolBuf8k.Get()
	buf := *bufp
	defer poolBuf8k.Put(bufp)

	for {
		_, err := io.ReadFull(respBody, tmp[:])
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		// Check if we have a response ready or a filler byte.
		switch tmp[0] {
		case 0:
			// 0 is unbuffered, copy the rest.
			_, err := io.CopyBuffer(w, respBody, buf)
			if err == io.EOF {
				return nil

	v := allTierStats{}
	var buf bytes.Buffer
	msgp.Encode(&buf, &v)

	m := v.Msgsize()
	if buf.Len() > m {
		t.Log("WARNING: TestEncodeDecodeallTierStats Msgsize() is inaccurate")
	}

	vn := allTierStats{}
	err := msgp.Decode(&buf, &vn)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
	}

	buf.Reset()
	msgp.Encode(&buf, &v)
	err = msgp.NewReader(&buf).Skip()
	if err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
	}
}