from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import FastAPI, UploadFile
from fastapi._compat import (
    ModelField,
    Undefined,
    _get_model_config,
    is_bytes_sequence_annotation,
    is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation,
)
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseConfig, BaseModel, ConfigDict
from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo

from .utils import needs_pydanticv1, needs_pydanticv2

7. Here the `response_model` is using a type annotation of a list of `Author` dataclasses.

    Again, you can combine `dataclasses` with standard type annotations.

8. Notice that this *path operation function* uses regular `def` instead of `async def`.

    As always, in FastAPI you can combine `def` and `async def` as needed.

            f"check that {type_} is a valid Pydantic field type. "
            "If you are using a return type annotation that is not a valid Pydantic "
            "field (e.g. Union[Response, dict, None]) you can disable generating the "
            "response model from the type annotation with the path operation decorator "
            "parameter response_model=None. Read more: "

            router_param: inspect.Parameter = router_sig.parameters[key]
            app_param: inspect.Parameter = app_sig.parameters[key]
            assert param.annotation == router_param.annotation
            assert param.annotation == app_param.annotation
            assert param.default == router_param.default

### Declare a *path parameter*

Then create a *path parameter* with a type annotation using the enum class you created (`ModelName`):

```Python hl_lines="16"
{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!}
```

### Check the docs

    ```

## Declare `Cookie` parameters

Then declare the cookie parameters using the same structure as with `Path` and `Query`.

The first value is the default value, you can pass all the extra validation or annotation parameters:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.9+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9"

In this example we pass `Union[PlaneItem, CarItem]` as the value of the argument `response_model`.

Because we are passing it as a **value to an argument** instead of putting it in a **type annotation**, we have to use `Union` even in Python 3.10.

If it was in a type annotation we could have used the vertical bar, as:

```Python
some_variable: PlaneItem | CarItem
```

Depending on your use case, you might prefer to use a different library, but if you asked me, I would probably suggest you try **Strawberry**.

Here's a small preview of how you could integrate Strawberry with FastAPI:

</blockquote>

## Recherche

        async def get2(foo: Annotated[int, Depends(dep)] = Depends(dep)):
            pass  # pragma: nocover

    with pytest.raises(
        AssertionError,
        match=(
            "Cannot specify a FastAPI annotation in `Annotated` and `Depends` as a"
            " default value together for 'foo'"
        ),
    ):

        @app.get("/")
        async def get3(foo: Annotated[int, Query(min_length=1)] = Depends(dep)):