Long[] suffix = {(long) 86, (long) 99};
      Long[] all = concat(concat(prefix, elements), suffix);
      return asList(all).subList(2, elements.length + 2);
    }
  }

  private static Long[] concat(Long[] left, Long[] right) {
    Long[] result = new Long[left.length + right.length];
    System.arraycopy(left, 0, result, 0, left.length);
    System.arraycopy(right, 0, result, left.length, right.length);

      }
    };

    static boolean test(long base, long n) {
      // Since base will be considered % n, it's okay if base > FLOOR_SQRT_MAX_LONG,
      // so long as n <= FLOOR_SQRT_MAX_LONG.
      return ((n <= FLOOR_SQRT_MAX_LONG) ? SMALL : LARGE).testWitness(base, n);
    }

    /** Returns a * b mod m. */
    abstract long mulMod(long a, long b, long m);

    /** Returns a^2 mod m. */

        .addEqualityGroup(STR_TO_LONG, STR_TO_LONG.reverse().reverse())
        .addEqualityGroup(STR_TO_LONG.reverse(), STR_TO_LONG.reverse())
        .testEquals();
  }

  public void testReverseReverse() {
    Converter<String, Long> converter = STR_TO_LONG;
    assertEquals(converter, converter.reverse().reverse());
  }

  public void testApply() {
    assertEquals(LONG_VAL, STR_TO_LONG.apply(STR_VAL));
  }

    }

    @Override
    @CheckForNull
    public Long previous(Long value) {
      long l = value;
      return (l == Long.MIN_VALUE) ? null : l - 1;
    }

    @Override
    Long offset(Long origin, long distance) {
      checkNonnegative(distance, "distance");
      long result = origin + distance;
      if (result < 0) {
        checkArgument(origin < 0, "overflow");
      }

    @Override
    protected List<Long> create(Long[] elements) {
      Long[] prefix = {Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE};
      Long[] suffix = {86L, 99L};
      Long[] all = concat(concat(prefix, elements), suffix);
      return makeArray(all).subArray(2, elements.length + 2).asList();
    }
  }

  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // used only from suite
  private static Long[] concat(Long[] a, Long[] b) {

            .addValue(3.14d)
            .add(LONG_NAME, false)
            .add(LONG_NAME, LONG_NAME);
      }
    },
    CONDITIONAL {
      void addEntries(MoreObjects.ToStringHelper helper) {
        helper
            .add(SHORT_NAME, "x")
            .add(LONG_NAME, "y")
            .add(SHORT_NAME, null)
            .add(LONG_NAME, null)
            .addValue("z")
            .addValue("")

    assertThat(LONG_MANY_VALUES_STATS_ITERATOR.sum())
        .isWithin(ALLOWED_ERROR * LONG_MANY_VALUES_MEAN)
        .of(LONG_MANY_VALUES_MEAN * LONG_MANY_VALUES_COUNT);
    assertThat(LONG_MANY_VALUES_STATS_SNAPSHOT.sum())
        .isWithin(ALLOWED_ERROR * LONG_MANY_VALUES_MEAN)
        .of(LONG_MANY_VALUES_MEAN * LONG_MANY_VALUES_COUNT);
  }

  public void testPopulationVariance() {

        new CacheStats(
            Long.MAX_VALUE,
            Long.MAX_VALUE,
            Long.MAX_VALUE,
            Long.MAX_VALUE,
            Long.MAX_VALUE,
            Long.MAX_VALUE);
    CacheStats smallCacheStats = new CacheStats(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1);

    CacheStats sum = smallCacheStats.plus(maxCacheStats);
    assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, sum.requestCount());

  public void testCheckedCast() {
    for (long value : UNSIGNED_INTS) {
      assertThat(UnsignedInts.toLong(UnsignedInts.checkedCast(value))).isEqualTo(value);
    }
    assertCastFails(1L << 32);
    assertCastFails(-1L);
    assertCastFails(Long.MAX_VALUE);
    assertCastFails(Long.MIN_VALUE);
  }

  private static void assertCastFails(long value) {
    try {
      UnsignedInts.checkedCast(value);

   * @param start the starting bytes encoded as a long as big-endian
   * @param lim the limit of bytes to process encoded as a long as big-endian, or -1 to mean the max
   *     limit for numBytes
   */
  @GwtIncompatible // java.nio.charset.Charset
  private static void testBytes(int numBytes, long expectedCount, long start, long lim) {
    byte[] bytes = new byte[numBytes];
    if (lim == -1) {