case []byte:
		n, _ := strconv.Atoi(string(s))
		*i = Num(n)
	case int64:
		*i = Num(s)
	default:
		return errors.New("Cannot scan NamedInt from " + reflect.ValueOf(src).String())
	}
	return nil
}

type StringsSlice []string

func (l StringsSlice) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
	bytes, err := json.Marshal(l)
	return string(bytes), err
}

	MemberNumber string `gorm:"index:idx_id,priority:1"`
	Name7        string `gorm:"index:type"`
	Name8        string `gorm:"index:,length:10;index:,collate:utf8"`

	// Composite Index: Flattened structure.
	Data0A string `gorm:"index:,composite:comp_id0"`
	Data0B string `gorm:"index:,composite:comp_id0"`

	// Composite Index: Nested structure.
	Data1A string `gorm:"index:,composite:comp_id1"`
	CompIdxLevel1C

	"fmt"
	"reflect"
	"regexp"
	"strings"

	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	"gorm.io/gorm/utils"
)

var embeddedCacheKey = "embedded_cache_store"

func ParseTagSetting(str string, sep string) map[string]string {
	settings := map[string]string{}
	names := strings.Split(str, sep)

	for i := 0; i < len(names); i++ {
		j := i
		if len(names[j]) > 0 {
			for {
				if names[j][len(names[j])-1] == '\\' {
					i++

	"strings"
)

type Index struct {
	Name    string
	Class   string // UNIQUE | FULLTEXT | SPATIAL
	Type    string // btree, hash, gist, spgist, gin, and brin
	Where   string
	Comment string
	Option  string        // WITH PARSER parser_name
	Fields  []IndexOption // Note: IndexOption's Field maybe the same
}

type IndexOption struct {
	*Field
	Expression string
	Sort       string // DESC, ASC
	Collate    string
	Length     int

	prepareErr  error
}

type PreparedStmtDB struct {
	Stmts       map[string]*Stmt
	PreparedSQL []string
	Mux         *sync.RWMutex
	ConnPool
}

func NewPreparedStmtDB(connPool ConnPool) *PreparedStmtDB {
	return &PreparedStmtDB{
		ConnPool:    connPool,
		Stmts:       make(map[string]*Stmt),
		Mux:         &sync.RWMutex{},
		PreparedSQL: make([]string, 0, 100),
	}
}

		t.Fatalf("invalid updating SQL, got %v", stmt.SQL.String())
	}

	dryDB = DB.Session(&gorm.Session{DryRun: true})
	stmt = dryDB.Unscoped().Save(&user).Statement
	if !regexp.MustCompile(`WHERE .id. = [^ ]+$`).MatchString(stmt.SQL.String()) {
		t.Fatalf("invalid updating SQL, got %v", stmt.SQL.String())
	}

	user3 := *GetUser("save3", Config{})

	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to parse user with callback, got error %v", err)
	}

	for _, str := range []string{"BeforeSave", "AfterCreate"} {
		if !reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(user)).FieldByName(str).Interface().(bool) {
			t.Errorf("%v should be true", str)
		}
	}

	for _, str := range []string{"BeforeCreate", "BeforeUpdate", "AfterUpdate", "AfterSave", "BeforeDelete", "AfterDelete", "AfterFind"} {

package clause_test

import (
	"fmt"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
)

func TestFrom(t *testing.T) {
	results := []struct {
		Clauses []clause.Interface
		Result  string
		Vars    []interface{}
	}{
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{}, clause.From{}},
			"SELECT * FROM `users`", nil,
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{
				clause.Select{}, clause.From{
					Tables: []clause.Table{{Name: "users"}},

	user1 := User{Name: "ScanUser1", Age: 1}
	user2 := User{Name: "ScanUser2", Age: 10}
	user3 := User{Name: "ScanUser3", Age: 20}
	DB.Save(&user1).Save(&user2).Save(&user3)

	type result struct {
		ID   uint
		Name string
		Age  int
	}

	var res result
	DB.Table("users").Select("id, name, age").Where("id = ?", user3.ID).Scan(&res)
	if res.ID != user3.ID || res.Name != user3.Name || res.Age != int(user3.Age) {

package clause

// Select select attrs when querying, updating, creating
type Select struct {
	Distinct   bool
	Columns    []Column
	Expression Expression
}

func (s Select) Name() string {
	return "SELECT"
}

func (s Select) Build(builder Builder) {
	if len(s.Columns) > 0 {
		if s.Distinct {
			builder.WriteString("DISTINCT ")
		}

		for idx, column := range s.Columns {
			if idx > 0 {
				builder.WriteByte(',')