* underlying model is a continuous function mapping storedPermits (from 0.0 to maxStoredPermits)
   * onto the 1/rate (i.e. intervals) that is effective at the given storedPermits. "storedPermits"
   * essentially measure unused time; we spend unused time buying/storing permits. Rate is
   * "permits / time", thus "1 / rate = time / permits". Thus, "1/rate" (time / permits) times

 * <p>Rate limiters are often used to restrict the rate at which some physical or logical resource
 * is accessed. This is in contrast to {@link java.util.concurrent.Semaphore} which restricts the
 * number of concurrent accesses instead of the rate (note though that concurrency and rate are
 * closely related, e.g. see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%27s_law">Little's
 * Law</a>).
 *

   * we change the rate.
   */
  public void testWeNeverGetABurstMoreThanOneSec() {
    RateLimiter limiter = RateLimiter.create(1.0, stopwatch);
    int[] rates = {1000, 1, 10, 1000000, 10, 1};
    for (int rate : rates) {
      int oneSecWorthOfWork = rate;
      stopwatch.sleepMillis(rate * 1000);
      limiter.setRate(rate);

   * we change the rate.
   */
  public void testWeNeverGetABurstMoreThanOneSec() {
    RateLimiter limiter = RateLimiter.create(1.0, stopwatch);
    int[] rates = {1000, 1, 10, 1000000, 10, 1};
    for (int rate : rates) {
      int oneSecWorthOfWork = rate;
      stopwatch.sleepMillis(rate * 1000);
      limiter.setRate(rate);

package bandwidth

//go:generate msgp -file=$GOFILE -unexported

import (
	"context"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
)

//msgp:ignore bucketThrottle Monitor

type bucketThrottle struct {
	*rate.Limiter
	NodeBandwidthPerSec int64
}

// Monitor holds the state of the global bucket monitor
type Monitor struct {
	tlock sync.RWMutex // mutex for bucket throttling

  int maximumSize;

  @Param("5000")
  int distinctKeys;

  @Param("4")
  int segments;

  // 1 means uniform likelihood of keys; higher means some keys are more popular
  // tweak this to control hit rate
  @Param("2.5")
  double concentration;

  Random random = new Random();

  LoadingCache<Integer, Integer> cache;

  int max;

  static AtomicLong requests = new AtomicLong(0);

          "expr": "sum by (bucket) (rate(minio_bucket_traffic_sent_bytes{job=\"$scrape_jobs\"}[$__rate_interval]))",
          "interval": "1m",
          "intervalFactor": 2,
          "legendFormat": "Data Sent [{{bucket}}]",
          "refId": "A"
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": [],
      "timeRegions": [],
      "title": "Total Data Sent Rate",
      "tooltip": {
        "shared": true,

	wname := parts[0]
	wns := ""
	if len(parts) > 1 {
		wns = parts[1]
	}

	rpsQuery := fmt.Sprintf(`sum(rate(%s{%s=~"%s.*", %s=~"%s.*",reporter="destination"}[%s]))`,
		reqTot, destWorkloadLabel, wname, destWorkloadNamespaceLabel, wns, duration)
	errRPSQuery := fmt.Sprintf(`sum(rate(%s{%s=~"%s.*", %s=~"%s.*",reporter="destination",response_code=~"[45][0-9]{2}"}[%s]))`,

istio.io/telemetry/stats/prometheus/sidecar/Outbound/HTTP     
istio.io/telemetry/stats/prometheus/sidecar/Outbound/TCP      
default.display-metadata                                      envoy.extensions.filters.http.wasm.v3.Wasm

                "name": "default.httpbin-rate-limiting",
                "typedConfig": {
                    "@type": "type.googleapis.com/envoy.extensions.filters.http.wasm.v3.Wasm",
                    "config": {
                        "name": "default.httpbin-rate-limiting",
                        "vmConfig": {
                            "runtime": "envoy.wasm.runtime.v8",