When using cgo, Go must not assume that it owns all details of the
process. In particular it needs to coordinate with C in the use of
threads and thread-local storage. The runtime package declares a few
variables:

	var (
		iscgo             bool
		_cgo_init         unsafe.Pointer
		_cgo_thread_start unsafe.Pointer
	)

Any package using cgo imports "runtime/cgo", which provides

<code>T</code>’s embedded interfaces.
</p>

<pre>
type Reader interface {
	Read(p []byte) (n int, err error)
	Close() error
}

type Writer interface {
	Write(p []byte) (n int, err error)
	Close() error
}

// ReadWriter's methods are Read, Write, and Close.
type ReadWriter interface {
	Reader  // includes methods of Reader in ReadWriter's method set

//	Pointer to array: the number of elements in *v (even if v is nil).
//	Slice, or map: the number of elements in v; if v is nil, len(v) is zero.
//	String: the number of bytes in v.
//	Channel: the number of elements queued (unread) in the channel buffer;
//	         if v is nil, len(v) is zero.
//
// For some arguments, such as a string literal or a simple array expression, the

<code>E</code>
[<a href="#Go_1.18">Go 1.18</a>].
</p>

<pre>
type Reader interface {
	Read(p []byte) (n int, err error)
	Close() error
}

type Writer interface {
	Write(p []byte) (n int, err error)
	Close() error
}

// ReadWriter's methods are Read, Write, and Close.
type ReadWriter interface {
	Reader  // includes methods of Reader in ReadWriter's method set

*p += i
</pre>

<p>
If <code>i</code> and <code>*p</code> start equal to 2,
the original code does <code>*p = 3</code>,
so a racing thread can read only 2 or 3 from <code>*p</code>.
The rewritten code does <code>*p = 1</code> and then <code>*p = 3</code>,
allowing a racing thread to read 1 as well.
</p>

<p>
Note that all these optimizations are permitted in C/C++ compilers: