yval := reflect.ValueOf(y)
	if xval.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && xval.IsNil() ||
		yval.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && yval.IsNil() {
		return false
	}

	if valuer, ok := x.(driver.Valuer); ok {
		x, _ = valuer.Value()
	}
	if valuer, ok := y.(driver.Valuer); ok {
		y, _ = valuer.Value()
	}
	return reflect.DeepEqual(x, y)
}

func ToString(value interface{}) string {
	switch v := value.(type) {
	case string:

package gorm

import (
	"database/sql"
	"database/sql/driver"
	"reflect"
	"time"

	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
	"gorm.io/gorm/utils"
)

// prepareValues prepare values slice
func prepareValues(values []interface{}, db *DB, columnTypes []*sql.ColumnType, columns []string) {
	if db.Statement.Schema != nil {
		for idx, name := range columns {
			if field := db.Statement.Schema.LookUpField(name); field != nil {

	"context"
	"database/sql"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"net/url"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"regexp"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"
	"unicode"

	_ "github.com/lib/pq" // Register postgres driver

	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/event"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/logger"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/once"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/store"
	xnet "github.com/minio/pkg/v2/net"
)

	config.Lock()
	defer config.Unlock()

	var ok bool
	// Lookup in-memory drivercache
	d, ok = config.drivercache[tierName]
	if ok {
		return d, nil
	}

	// Initialize driver from tier config matching tierName
	t, ok := config.Tiers[tierName]
	if !ok {
		return nil, errTierNotFound
	}
	d, err = newWarmBackend(ctx, t, false)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	ErrSubQueryRequired = errors.New("sub query required")
	// ErrInvalidData unsupported data
	ErrInvalidData = errors.New("unsupported data")
	// ErrUnsupportedDriver unsupported driver
	ErrUnsupportedDriver = errors.New("unsupported driver")
	// ErrRegistered registered
	ErrRegistered = errors.New("registered")
	// ErrInvalidField invalid field
	ErrInvalidField = errors.New("invalid field")
	// ErrEmptySlice empty slice found

	// return 503 server closed error, consider it as an offline node
	case strings.Contains(err.Error(), http.ErrServerClosed.Error()):
		return true
	// Corner case, the server closed the connection with a keep-alive timeout
	// some requests are not retried internally, such as POST request with written body
	case strings.Contains(err.Error(), "server closed idle connection"):
		return true
	}

	return false
}

Harshavardhana <******@****.***> 1713529422 -0700

import (
	"database/sql"
	"testing"
)

// TestPostgreSQLRegistration checks if postgres driver
// is registered and fails otherwise.
func TestPostgreSQLRegistration(t *testing.T) {
	var found bool
	for _, drv := range sql.Drivers() {
		if drv == "postgres" {
			found = true
			break
		}
	}
	if !found {
		t.Fatal("postgres driver not registered")
	}
}

func TestPsqlTableNameValidation(t *testing.T) {

			// Enable TCP quick ACK, John Nagle says
			// "Set TCP_QUICKACK. If you find a case where that makes things worse, let me know."
			_ = syscall.SetsockoptInt(fd, syscall.IPPROTO_TCP, unix.TCP_QUICKACK, 1)

			/// Enable keep-alive
			{
				_ = unix.SetsockoptInt(fd, unix.SOL_SOCKET, unix.SO_KEEPALIVE, 1)

				// The time (in seconds) the connection needs to remain idle before
				// TCP starts sending keepalive probes

package schema

import (
	"context"
	"database/sql"
	"database/sql/driver"
	"fmt"
	"reflect"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/jinzhu/now"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	"gorm.io/gorm/utils"
)

// special types' reflect type
var (
	TimeReflectType    = reflect.TypeOf(time.Time{})
	TimePtrReflectType = reflect.TypeOf(&time.Time{})
	ByteReflectType    = reflect.TypeOf(uint8(0))
)

type (