Щоб оголосити ці типи та внутрішні типи, ви можете використовувати стандартний модуль Python `typing`. Він існує спеціально для підтримки анотацій типів.

#### Новіші версії Python

Синтаксис із використанням `typing` **сумісний** з усіма версіями, від Python 3.6 до останніх, включаючи Python 3.9, Python 3.10 тощо.

import binascii
from base64 import b64decode
from typing import Optional

from fastapi.exceptions import HTTPException
from fastapi.openapi.models import HTTPBase as HTTPBaseModel
from fastapi.openapi.models import HTTPBearer as HTTPBearerModel
from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase
from fastapi.security.utils import get_authorization_scheme_param
from pydantic import BaseModel
from starlette.requests import Request

from typing import List

import yaml
from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException, Request
from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    tags: List[str]


@app.post(
    "/items/",
    openapi_extra={
        "requestBody": {
            "content": {"application/x-yaml": {"schema": Item.model_json_schema()}},
            "required": True,
        },
    },

But then, the project's focus shifted.

It was no longer an API web framework, as the creator needed to focus on Starlette.

import os
from typing import Any, Dict, List

from pdm.backend.hooks import Context

TIANGOLO_BUILD_PACKAGE = os.getenv("TIANGOLO_BUILD_PACKAGE", "fastapi")


def pdm_build_initialize(context: Context) -> None:
    metadata = context.config.metadata
    # Get custom config for the current package, from the env var
    config: Dict[str, Any] = context.config.data["tool"]["tiangolo"][
        "_internal-slim-build"

import re
import warnings
from dataclasses import is_dataclass
from typing import (
    TYPE_CHECKING,
    Any,
    Dict,
    MutableMapping,
    Optional,
    Set,
    Type,
    Union,
    cast,
)
from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary

import fastapi
from fastapi._compat import (
    PYDANTIC_V2,
    BaseConfig,
    ModelField,
    PydanticSchemaGenerationError,
    Undefined,
    UndefinedType,

You can also use `response_model=None` to disable creating a response model for that *path operation*, you might need to do it if you are adding type annotations for things that are not valid Pydantic fields, you will see an example of that in one of the sections below.

## Return the same input data

```console
$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"

---> 100%
```

</div>

## Przykład

### Stwórz

* Utwórz plik o nazwie `main.py` z:

```Python
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")

```console
$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"

---> 100%
```

</div>

## Пример

### Создание

* Создайте файл `main.py` со следующим содержимым:

```Python
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")

```console
$ pip install uvicorn[standard]

---> 100%
```

</div>

## Esempio

### Crea un file

* Crea un file `main.py` con:

```Python
from fastapi import FastAPI
from typing import Optional

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: str = Optional[None]):