assert response.json() == {"name": "coerce", "price": 1.0, "owner_ids": None}


def test_validlist():
    response = client.get("/items/validlist")
    response.raise_for_status()
    assert response.json() == [
        {"name": "foo", "price": None, "owner_ids": None},
        {"name": "bar", "price": 1.0, "owner_ids": None},
        {"name": "baz", "price": 2.0, "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3]},

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: Optional[float] = None
    owner_ids: Optional[List[int]] = None


@app.get("/items/invalid", response_model=Item)
def get_invalid():
    return {"name": "invalid", "price": "foo"}


@app.get("/items/invalidnone", response_model=Item)

But I'll show you how to improve that next. 🤓

## Custom Operation IDs and Better Method Names

You can **modify** the way these operation IDs are **generated** to make them simpler and have **simpler method names** in the clients.

    response = client.get("/query/list/?device_ids=1&device_ids=2")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == [1, 2]


def test_query_list_empty():
    response = client.get("/query/list/")
    assert response.status_code == 422


def test_query_list_default():
    response = client.get("/query/list-default/?device_ids=1&device_ids=2")
    assert response.status_code == 200

            "price": None,
            "owner_ids": None,
        },
        {
            "name": "bar",
            "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(),
            "price": 1.0,
            "owner_ids": None,
        },
        {
            "name": "baz",
            "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(),
            "price": 2.0,
            "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3],
        },
    ]

    assert response.json() == [
        {"aliased_name": "foo", "price": None, "owner_ids": None},
        {"aliased_name": "bar", "price": 1.0, "owner_ids": None},
        {"aliased_name": "baz", "price": 2.0, "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3]},
    ]


def test_validdict():
    response = client.get("/items/validdict")
    response.raise_for_status()
    assert response.json() == {

class Item:
    name: str
    price: Optional[float] = None
    owner_ids: Optional[List[int]] = None


@app.get("/items/invalid", response_model=Item)
def get_invalid():
    return {"name": "invalid", "price": "foo"}


@app.get("/items/innerinvalid", response_model=Item)
def get_innerinvalid():
    return {"name": "double invalid", "price": "foo", "owner_ids": ["foo", "bar"]}

Aber ich zeige Ihnen als nächstes, wie Sie das verbessern können. 🤓

## Benutzerdefinierte Operation-IDs und bessere Methodennamen

Sie können die Art und Weise, wie diese Operation-IDs **generiert** werden, **ändern**, um sie einfacher zu machen und **einfachere Methodennamen** in den Clients zu haben.

from fastapi.routing import APIRoute

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items():
    return [{"item_id": "Foo"}]


def use_route_names_as_operation_ids(app: FastAPI) -> None:
    """
    Simplify operation IDs so that generated API clients have simpler function
    names.

    Should be called only after all routes have been added.
    """
    for route in app.routes:

    if operation_id in operation_ids:
        message = (
            f"Duplicate Operation ID {operation_id} for function "
            + f"{route.endpoint.__name__}"
        )
        file_name = getattr(route.endpoint, "__globals__", {}).get("__file__")
        if file_name:
            message += f" at {file_name}"
        warnings.warn(message, stacklevel=1)
    operation_ids.add(operation_id)