!!! tip
    If you are in a hurry or don't care, continue with the next sections for step by step instructions to set everything up with different techniques.

To **learn the basics of HTTPS**, from a consumer perspective, check <a href="https://howhttps.works/" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://howhttps.works/</a>.

Now, from a **developer's perspective**, here are several things to keep in mind while thinking about HTTPS:

# Deployments Concepts

When deploying a **FastAPI** application, or actually, any type of web API, there are several concepts that you probably care about, and using them you can find the **most appropriate** way to **deploy your application**.

Some of the important concepts are:

* Security - HTTPS
* Running on startup
* Restarts
* Replication (the number of processes running)
* Memory
* Previous steps before starting

    ---

    The `APIRouter`s are not "mounted", they are not isolated from the rest of the application.

    This is because we want to include their *path operations* in the OpenAPI schema and the user interfaces.

    As we cannot just isolate them and "mount" them independently of the rest, the *path operations* are "cloned" (re-created), not included directly.

## Check the automatic API docs

    ```

#### Using `Union` or `Optional`

If you are using a Python version below 3.10, here's a tip from my very **subjective** point of view:

* 🚨 Avoid using `Optional[SomeType]`
* Instead ✨ **use `Union[SomeType, None]`** ✨.

This code is something you can actually use in your application, save the password hashes in your database, etc.

We are going to start from where we left in the previous chapter and increment it.

## About JWT

JWT means "JSON Web Tokens".

It's a standard to codify a JSON object in a long dense string without spaces. It looks like this:

    comment_id: Union[str, None] = None,
    body: Union[str, None] = None,
) -> Dict[str, Any]:
    headers = {"Authorization": f"token {settings.input_token.get_secret_value()}"}
    # some fields are only used by one query, but GraphQL allows unused variables, so
    # keep them here for simplicity
    variables = {
        "after": after,
        "category_id": category_id,

        test_db.unlink()
    # Import while creating the client to create the DB after starting the test session
    from docs_src.sql_databases.sql_app import main

    # Ensure import side effects are re-executed
    importlib.reload(main)
    with TestClient(main.app) as c:
        yield c
    if test_db.is_file():  # pragma: nocover
        test_db.unlink()
    os.chdir(cwd)

        test_db.unlink()
    # Import while creating the client to create the DB after starting the test session
    from docs_src.sql_databases.sql_app_py310 import alt_main

    # Ensure import side effects are re-executed
    importlib.reload(alt_main)

    with TestClient(alt_main.app) as c:
        yield c
    if test_db.is_file():  # pragma: nocover
        test_db.unlink()
    os.chdir(cwd)


@needs_py310

## Vélemények

"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._"

## Opiniones

"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._"