),
    ] = None,
    include_in_schema: Annotated[
        bool,
        Doc(
            """
            To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI.
            You probably don't need it, but it's available.

            This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = True,
    json_schema_extra: Annotated[

    return await request_validation_exception_handler(request, exc)


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_item(item_id: int):
    if item_id == 3:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=418, detail="Nope! I don't like 3.")

```

And the proxy would be **"stripping"** the **path prefix** on the fly before transmitting the request to the app server (probably Uvicorn via FastAPI CLI), keeping your application convinced that it is being served at `/app`, so that you don't have to update all your code to include the prefix `/api/v1`.

Up to here, everything would work as normally.

Specifically, to see Uvicorn, Starlette and FastAPI compared together (among many other tools).

The simpler the problem solved by the tool, the better performance it will get. And most of the benchmarks don't test the additional features provided by the tool.

The hierarchy is like:

* **Uvicorn**: an ASGI server
    * **Starlette**: (uses Uvicorn) a web microframework

And if you update that local FastAPI source code when you run that Python file again, it will use the fresh version of FastAPI you just edited.

That way, you don't have to "install" your local version to be able to test every change.

!!! note "Technical Details"
    This only happens when you install using this included `requirements.txt` instead of running `pip install fastapi` directly.

<img src="/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image06.png">

In this case you have:

* `ItemsService`
* `UsersService`

### Client Method Names

Right now the generated method names like `createItemItemsPost` don't look very clean:

```TypeScript
ItemsService.createItemItemsPost({name: "Plumbus", price: 5})
```

...that's because the client generator uses the OpenAPI internal **operation ID** for each *path operation*.

You could then update `test_main.py` with the extended tests:

```Python
{!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b/test_main.py!}
```

Whenever you need the client to pass information in the request and you don't know how to, you can search (Google) how to do it in `httpx`, or even how to do it with `requests`, as HTTPX's design is based on Requests' design.

Then you just do the same in your tests.

E.g.:

# OpenAPI

There are several utilities to handle OpenAPI.

from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr

app = FastAPI()


class UserIn(BaseModel):
    username: str
    password: str
    email: EmailStr
    full_name: Union[str, None] = None


# Don't do this in production!
@app.post("/user/")
async def create_user(user: UserIn) -> UserIn:

{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
```

We will use this model in our *path operation function*, so, we don't include in it the `hashed_password`.

### `UserInDB` model

Now, let's create a `UserInDB` model.

This will have the data that is actually stored in the database.