/*
     * The striding algorithm works roughly as follows: it is universally the case that
     * CRC(x ^ y) == CRC(x) ^ CRC(y).  The approach we take is to break the message as follows,
     * with each letter representing a 4-byte word: ABCDABCDABCDABCD... and to calculate
     * CRC(A000A000A000...), CRC(0B000B000B...), CRC(00C000C000C...), CRC(000D000D000D...)
     * and then to XOR them together.  The STRIDE_TABLE enables us to hash an int followed by 12

  public void testCrc32_knownValues() throws Exception {
    assertHash32(0x1C8600E3, CRC_32, "hell");
    assertHash32(0x3610A686, CRC_32, "hello");
    assertHash32(0xED81F9F6, CRC_32, "hello ");
    assertHash32(0x4850DDC2, CRC_32, "hello w");
    assertHash32(0x7A2D6005, CRC_32, "hello wo");
    assertHash32(0x1C192672, CRC_32, "hello wor");
    assertHash32(0x414FA339, CRC_32, "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog");

  }

  private static int referenceCrc(byte[] bytes) {
    int crc = ~0;
    for (byte b : bytes) {
      crc = (crc >>> 8) ^ Crc32cHashFunction.Crc32cHasher.BYTE_TABLE[(crc ^ b) & 0xFF];
    }
    return ~crc;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the crc of an array of byte data matches the expected value.
   *
   * @param expectedCrc the expected crc value.
   * @param data the data to run the checksum on.
   */

  public void testCrc32_knownValues() throws Exception {
    assertHash32(0x1C8600E3, CRC_32, "hell");
    assertHash32(0x3610A686, CRC_32, "hello");
    assertHash32(0xED81F9F6, CRC_32, "hello ");
    assertHash32(0x4850DDC2, CRC_32, "hello w");
    assertHash32(0x7A2D6005, CRC_32, "hello wo");
    assertHash32(0x1C192672, CRC_32, "hello wor");
    assertHash32(0x414FA339, CRC_32, "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog");

  }

  private static int referenceCrc(byte[] bytes) {
    int crc = ~0;
    for (byte b : bytes) {
      crc = (crc >>> 8) ^ Crc32cHashFunction.Crc32cHasher.BYTE_TABLE[(crc ^ b) & 0xFF];
    }
    return ~crc;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the crc of an array of byte data matches the expected value.
   *
   * @param expectedCrc the expected crc value.
   * @param data the data to run the checksum on.
   */

   * href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_function">hash function</a>.
   *
   * @since 18.0
   */
  public static HashFunction crc32c() {
    return Crc32cHashFunction.CRC_32_C;
  }

  /**
   * Returns a hash function implementing the CRC-32 checksum algorithm (32 hash bits).
   *
   * <p>To get the {@code long} value equivalent to {@link Checksum#getValue()} for a {@code