/**
 * Static utility methods pertaining to {@code byte} primitives, that are not already found in
 * either {@link Byte} or {@link Arrays}, <i>and interpret bytes as neither signed nor unsigned</i>.
 * The methods which specifically treat bytes as signed or unsigned are found in {@link SignedBytes}
 * and {@link UnsignedBytes}.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a

/**
 * Static utility methods pertaining to {@code byte} primitives, that are not already found in
 * either {@link Byte} or {@link Arrays}, <i>and interpret bytes as neither signed nor unsigned</i>.
 * The methods which specifically treat bytes as signed or unsigned are found in {@link SignedBytes}
 * and {@link UnsignedBytes}.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a

Brian Avery <******@****.***> 1620951743 -0400

    byte[] encode(Closure<Encoder> closure) {
        def bytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream()
        encodeTo(bytes, closure)
        return bytes.toByteArray()
    }

    byte[] truncate(Closure<Encoder> closure) {
        def bytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream()
        encodeTo(bytes, closure)
        def result = bytes.toByteArray()
        if (result.length < 2) {
            return [] as byte[]

        def text1 = "some text"
        def bytes1 = text1.bytes
        def text2 = "more"
        def bytes2 = text2.bytes

        when:
        async {
            start {
                def buffer = new byte[1024]

                def nread = stream.read(buffer)
                assert nread == bytes1.length
                assert new String(buffer, 0, nread) == text1

    // These will have the same first 4 bytes (all 0).
    byte[] bytesA = new byte[5];
    byte[] bytesB = new byte[5];

    // Change only the last (5th) byte
    bytesA[4] = (byte) 0xbe;
    bytesB[4] = (byte) 0xef;

    HashCode hashCodeA = HashCode.fromBytes(bytesA);
    HashCode hashCodeB = HashCode.fromBytes(bytesB);

    // They aren't equal...

	{"", 1000, nil},
	{"foo", 0, nil},
	{"bytes=", 0, nil},
	{"bytes=7", 10, nil},
	{"bytes= 7 ", 10, nil},
	{"bytes=1-", 0, nil},
	{"bytes=5-4", 10, nil},
	{"bytes=0-2,5-4", 10, nil},
	{"bytes=2-5,4-3", 10, nil},
	{"bytes=--5,4--3", 10, nil},
	{"bytes=A-", 10, nil},
	{"bytes=A- ", 10, nil},
	{"bytes=A-Z", 10, nil},
	{"bytes= -Z", 10, nil},
	{"bytes=5-Z", 10, nil},
	{"bytes=Ran-dom, garbage", 10, nil},

        def file = tmpDir.file("thing.zip")

        when:
        builder.jar(file) {
            it.put("a.class", "bytes".bytes)
            it.put("dir/b.class", "bytes".bytes)
            it.put("dir/c.class", "bytes".bytes)
            it.put("dir/sub/d.class", "bytes".bytes)
        }

        then:
        def zip = new ZipTestFixture(file)

    }

    private static long bytesToLong(byte[] bytes, int offset) {
        return (bytes[offset] & 0xFFL)
            | ((bytes[offset + 1] & 0xFFL) << 8)
            | ((bytes[offset + 2] & 0xFFL) << 16)
            | ((bytes[offset + 3] & 0xFFL) << 24)
            | ((bytes[offset + 4] & 0xFFL) << 32)
            | ((bytes[offset + 5] & 0xFFL) << 40)
            | ((bytes[offset + 6] & 0xFFL) << 48)

		errExpected bool
	}{
		{"bytes=0-", false},
		{"bytes=1-", false},

		{"bytes=0-9", false},
		{"bytes=1-10", false},
		{"bytes=1-1", false},
		{"bytes=2-5", false},

		{"bytes=-5", false},
		{"bytes=-1", false},
		{"bytes=-1000", false},
		{"bytes=", true},
		{"bytes= ", true},
		{"byte=", true},
		{"bytes=A-B", true},
		{"bytes=1-B", true},
		{"bytes=B-1", true},