### Create Pydantic *models* / schemas for reading / returning

Now create Pydantic *models* (schemas) that will be used when reading data, when returning it from the API.

For example, before creating an item, we don't know what will be the ID assigned to it, but when reading it (when returning it from the API) we will already know its ID.

### Creating the `Settings` only once with `lru_cache`

Reading a file from disk is normally a costly (slow) operation, so you probably want to do it only once and then re-use the same settings object, instead of reading it for each request.

But every time we do:

```Python
Settings()
```

// for io.EOF.
//
// If an EOF happens after reading some but not all the bytes,
// ReadFile returns ErrUnexpectedEOF.
//
// If the BitrotVerifier is not nil or not verified ReadFile
// tries to verify whether the disk has bitrot.
//
// Additionally ReadFile also starts reading from an offset. ReadFile
// semantics are same as io.ReadFull.

	readerIndex := 0
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	// if readTrigger is true, it implies next disk.ReadAt() should be tried
	// if readTrigger is false, it implies previous disk.ReadAt() was successful and there is no need
	// to try reading the next disk.
	for readTrigger := range readTriggerCh {
		newBufLK.RLock()
		canDecode := p.canDecode(newBuf)
		newBufLK.RUnlock()
		if canDecode {
			break
		}
		if readerIndex == len(p.readers) {

 *  Fix: Don't leak file handles when a cache disk write fails.

 *  Fix: Don't hang when the public suffix database cannot be loaded. We had a bug where a failure
    reading the public suffix database would cause subsequent reads to hang when they should have
    crashed.

 *  Fix: Avoid `InetAddress.getCanonicalHostName()` in MockWebServer. This avoids problems if the

* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs.
* **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.

	// Object operations.

	// GetObjectNInfo returns a GetObjectReader that satisfies the
	// ReadCloser interface. The Close method runs any cleanup
	// functions, so it must always be called after reading till EOF
	//
	// IMPORTANTLY, when implementations return err != nil, this
	// function MUST NOT return a non-nil ReadCloser.

	if !opts.NoAuditLog {
		auditObjectErasureSet(ctx, object, &er)
	}

	if !opts.NoLock {
		// Lock the object before reading.
		lk := er.NewNSLock(bucket, object)
		lkctx, err := lk.GetRLock(ctx, globalOperationTimeout)
		if err != nil {
			return ObjectInfo{}, err
		}
		ctx = lkctx.Context()
		defer lk.RUnlock(lkctx)
	}

	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("request err: %v", err)
	}
	// {
	// 	bodyBuf, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	// 	if err != nil {
	// 		return "", fmt.Errorf("Error reading body: %v", err)
	// 	}
	// 	fmt.Printf("bodyBuf (for LDAP login page): %s\n", string(bodyBuf))
	// }

	// Fill the login form with our test creds:
	// fmt.Printf("login form url: %s\n", lastReq.URL.String())

## 上下文管理器

### 什么是“上下文管理器”

“上下文管理器”是您可以在`with`语句中使用的任何Python对象。

例如，<a href="https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html#reading-and-writing-files" class="external-link" target="_blank">您可以使用`with`读取文件</a>：

```Python
with open("./somefile.txt") as f:
    contents = f.read()
    print(contents)
```