db.Statement.scopes = nil
	for _, scope := range scopes {
		db = scope(db)
	}
	return db
}

// Preload preload associations with given conditions
//
//	// get all users, and preload all non-cancelled orders
//	db.Preload("Orders", "state NOT IN (?)", "cancelled").Find(&users)
func (db *DB) Preload(query string, args ...interface{}) (tx *DB) {
	tx = db.getInstance()

	db := DB.Scopes(func(tx *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB {
		return tx.Table("custom_table")
	}).Session(&gorm.Session{})

	db.AutoMigrate(&User{})
	if db.Find(&User{}).Statement.Table != "custom_table" {
		t.Errorf("failed to call Scopes")
	}

	result := DB.Scopes(NameIn1And2, func(tx *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB {
		return tx.Session(&gorm.Session{})
	}).Find(&users1)

	if result.RowsAffected != 2 {

				var argValues []reflect.Value
				for _, arg := range args {
					argValues = append(argValues, reflect.ValueOf(arg))
				}

				results := reflect.ValueOf(s).MethodByName(name).Call(argValues)
				if len(results) > 0 {
					v = results[0].Interface()
				}
			}

			if c.name == "" {
				c.name = getFuncName(c.h)
			}

			if c.before != "" {

		if products[idx].Price != value {
			t.Errorf("invalid price for product #%v, expects: %v, got %v", idx, value, products[idx].Price)
		}
	}

	DB.Model(&products).Update("Name", "product-name")

	// will set all product's price to last product's price + 10
	for idx, value := range []int64{410, 410, 410} {
		if products[idx].Price != value {
			t.Errorf("invalid price for product #%v, expects: %v, got %v", idx, value, products[idx].Price)

	}

	return db.AddError(tx.Create(values).Error)
}

// check association values has been saved
// if values kind is Struct, check it has been saved
// if values kind is Slice/Array, check all items have been saved
var visitMapStoreKey = "gorm:saved_association_map"

func checkAssociationsSaved(db *gorm.DB, values reflect.Value) bool {
	if visit, ok := db.Get(visitMapStoreKey); ok {

	defer close(cacheStmt.prepared)

	// Reason why cannot lock conn.PrepareContext
	// suppose the maxopen is 1, g1 is creating record and g2 is querying record.
	// 1. g1 begin tx, g1 is requeue because of waiting for the system call, now `db.ConnPool` db.numOpen == 1.
	// 2. g2 select lock `conn.PrepareContext(ctx, query)`, now db.numOpen == db.maxOpen , wait for release.

					return tx.callbacks.Create().Execute(tx)
				}
			}
		}

		fallthrough
	default:
		selectedUpdate := len(tx.Statement.Selects) != 0
		// when updating, use all fields including those zero-value fields
		if !selectedUpdate {
			tx.Statement.Selects = append(tx.Statement.Selects, "*")
		}

		updateTx := tx.callbacks.Update().Execute(tx.Session(&Session{Initialized: true}))

		}
		UniqueStruct6 struct {
			Name string `gorm:"size:60;uniqueIndex"`
		}
		UniqueStruct7 struct {
			Name     string `gorm:"size:70;uniqueIndex:idx_us6_all_names"`
			NickName string `gorm:"size:70;uniqueIndex:idx_us6_all_names"`
		}
	)
	checkField(&UniqueStruct5{}, "name", false, "idx_unique_struct5_name")
	checkField(&UniqueStruct6{}, "name", false, "idx_unique_struct6_name")

	columns := make([]string, 0, len(mapValues))

	// when the length of mapValues is zero,return directly here
	// no need to call stmt.SelectAndOmitColumns method
	if len(mapValues) == 0 {
		stmt.AddError(gorm.ErrEmptySlice)
		return
	}

	var (
		result                    = make(map[string][]interface{}, len(mapValues))

		t.Fatalf("Should found soft deleted addresses with unscoped")
	}

	DB.Model(&person).Association("Addresses").Clear()

	if DB.Model(&person).Association("Addresses").Count() != 0 {
		t.Fatalf("Should deleted all addresses")
	}

	if DB.Unscoped().Model(&person).Association("Addresses").Count() != 2 {
		t.Fatalf("Should found soft deleted addresses with unscoped")
	}

	DB.Unscoped().Model(&person).Association("Addresses").Clear()