* not encompass ranges of the form {@code (v..v)}, because such ranges are <i>invalid</i> and
   * can't be constructed at all.)
   *
   * <p>Note that certain discrete ranges such as the integer range {@code (3..4)} are <b>not</b>
   * considered empty, even though they contain no actual values. In these cases, it may be helpful
   * to preprocess ranges with {@link #canonical(DiscreteDomain)}.
   */

    // test that connected ranges are coalesced
    for (int i = 0; i + 1 < asRanges.size(); i++) {
      Range<C> range1 = asRanges.get(i);
      Range<C> range2 = asRanges.get(i + 1);
      assertFalse(range1.isConnected(range2));
    }

    // test that there are no empty ranges
    for (Range<C> range : asRanges) {
      assertFalse(range.isEmpty());
    }

  @GwtIncompatible // java.math.BigInteger
  public void testMean() {
    // Odd-sized ranges have an obvious mean
    assertMean(2, 1, 3);

    assertMean(-2, -3, -1);
    assertMean(0, -1, 1);
    assertMean(1, -1, 3);
    assertMean((1L << 62) - 1, -1, Long.MAX_VALUE);

    // Even-sized ranges should prefer the lower mean
    assertMean(2, 1, 4);
    assertMean(-3, -4, -1);
    assertMean(0, -1, 2);

  /** The HTTP {@code User-Agent} header field name. */
  public static final String USER_AGENT = "User-Agent";

  // HTTP Response header fields

  /** The HTTP {@code Accept-Ranges} header field name. */
  public static final String ACCEPT_RANGES = "Accept-Ranges";
  /** The HTTP {@code Access-Control-Allow-Headers} header field name. */
  public static final String ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_HEADERS = "Access-Control-Allow-Headers";

   * works better than Ordering.natural().nullsFirst() because, if null comes before all other
   * values, it lies outside the submap/submultiset ranges we test, and the variety of tests that
   * exercise null handling fail on those subcollections.
   */
  public abstract static class NullsBefore implements Comparator<@Nullable String>, Serializable {
    /*

import javax.annotation.CheckForNull;

/**
 * Represents an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_media_type">Internet Media Type</a>
 * (also known as a MIME Type or Content Type). This class also supports the concept of media ranges
 * <a href="http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.1">defined by HTTP/1.1</a>.
 * As such, the {@code *} character is treated as a wildcard and is used to represent any acceptable

   * we change the rate.
   */
  public void testWeNeverGetABurstMoreThanOneSec() {
    RateLimiter limiter = RateLimiter.create(1.0, stopwatch);
    int[] rates = {1000, 1, 10, 1000000, 10, 1};
    for (int rate : rates) {
      int oneSecWorthOfWork = rate;
      stopwatch.sleepMillis(rate * 1000);
      limiter.setRate(rate);
      long burst = measureTotalTimeMillis(limiter, oneSecWorthOfWork, new Random());

    } else {
      Range<K> range = ranges.get(index);
      return range.contains(key) ? Maps.immutableEntry(range, values.get(index)) : null;
    }
  }

  @Override
  public Range<K> span() {
    if (ranges.isEmpty()) {
      throw new NoSuchElementException();
    }
    Range<K> firstRange = ranges.get(0);
    Range<K> lastRange = ranges.get(ranges.size() - 1);

    for (Range<Integer> range : RANGES) {
      Map<Integer, Integer> model = Maps.newHashMap();
      putModel(model, range, 1);
      RangeMap<Integer, Integer> test = TreeRangeMap.create();
      test.put(range, 1);
      verify(model, test);
    }
  }

  public void testAllRangePairs() {
    for (Range<Integer> range1 : RANGES) {
      for (Range<Integer> range2 : RANGES) {

 * acquire(1000)} will result in exactly the same throttling, if any), but it affects the throttling
 * of the <i>next</i> request. I.e., if an expensive task arrives at an idle RateLimiter, it will be
 * granted immediately, but it is the <i>next</i> request that will experience extra throttling,
 * thus paying for the cost of the expensive task.
 *
 * @author Dimitris Andreou
 * @since 13.0
 */