name: str


RecursiveSubitemInSubmodel.update_forward_refs()


@app.get("/items/recursive", response_model=RecursiveItem)
def get_recursive():
    return {"name": "item", "sub_items": [{"name": "subitem", "sub_items": []}]}


@app.get("/items/recursive-submodel", response_model=RecursiveItemViaSubmodel)
def get_recursive_submodel():
    return {
        "name": "item",
        "sub_items1": [

    name: str


RecursiveSubitemInSubmodel.model_rebuild()
RecursiveItemViaSubmodel.model_rebuild()


@app.get("/items/recursive", response_model=RecursiveItem)
def get_recursive():
    return {"name": "item", "sub_items": [{"name": "subitem", "sub_items": []}]}


@app.get("/items/recursive-submodel", response_model=RecursiveItemViaSubmodel)
def get_recursive_submodel():
    return {
        "name": "item",

from typing import Optional

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel, validator

app = FastAPI()


class ModelB(BaseModel):
    username: str


class ModelC(ModelB):
    password: str


class ModelA(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Optional[str] = None
    model_b: ModelB

    @validator("name")
    def lower_username(cls, name: str, values):

Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine)


def override_get_db():
    try:
        db = TestingSessionLocal()
        yield db
    finally:
        db.close()


app.dependency_overrides[get_db] = override_get_db

client = TestClient(app)


def test_create_user():
    response = client.post(
        "/users/",
        json={"email": "******@****.***", "password": "chimichangas4life"},
    )

def override_get_db():
    try:
        db = TestingSessionLocal()
        yield db
    finally:
        db.close()


app.dependency_overrides[get_db] = override_get_db

client = TestClient(app)


def test_create_user():
    response = client.post(
        "/users/",
        json={"email": "******@****.***", "password": "chimichangas4life"},
    )
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

def override_get_db():
    try:
        db = TestingSessionLocal()
        yield db
    finally:
        db.close()


app.dependency_overrides[get_db] = override_get_db

client = TestClient(app)


def test_create_user():
    response = client.post(
        "/users/",
        json={"email": "******@****.***", "password": "chimichangas4life"},
    )
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

from fastapi import FastAPI, Path, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.api_route("/api_route")
def non_operation():
    return {"message": "Hello World"}


def non_decorated_route():
    return {"message": "Hello World"}


app.add_api_route("/non_decorated_route", non_decorated_route)


@app.get("/text")
def get_text():
    return "Hello World"


@app.get("/path/{item_id}")
def get_id(item_id):

        app = FastAPI()

        @app.post("/")
        async def root(f: bytes = File()):
            return f  # pragma: nocover


def test_incorrect_multipart_installed_multi_form(monkeypatch):
    monkeypatch.delattr("multipart.multipart.parse_options_header", raising=False)
    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=multipart_incorrect_install_error):
        app = FastAPI()

        @app.post("/")

但其余的会话代码基本上都是一样的，只要复制就可以了。

```Python hl_lines="8-13"
{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/tests/test_sql_app.py!}
```

!!! tip "提示"

    为减少代码重复，最好把这段代码写成函数，在 `database.py` 与 `tests/test_sql_app.py`中使用。

    为了把注意力集中在测试代码上，本例只是复制了这段代码。

## 创建数据库

因为现在是想在新文件中使用新数据库，所以要使用以下代码创建数据库：

```Python
Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine)
```

def test_invalid_response_model_raises():
    with pytest.raises(FastAPIError):
        app = FastAPI()

        @app.get("/", response_model=NonPydanticModel)
        def read_root():
            pass  # pragma: nocover


def test_invalid_response_model_sub_type_raises():
    with pytest.raises(FastAPIError):
        app = FastAPI()

        @app.get("/", response_model=List[NonPydanticModel])
        def read_root():