* `/items/`
* `/items/{item_id}`

It's all the same structure as with `app/routers/users.py`.

But we want to be smarter and simplify the code a bit.

We know all the *path operations* in this module have the same:

* Path `prefix`: `/items`.
* `tags`: (just one tag: `items`).
* Extra `responses`.
* `dependencies`: they all need that `X-Token` dependency we created.

    ```Python hl_lines="15"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012.py!}
    ```

And all the ideas in the section about [adding `dependencies` to the *path operation decorators*](dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md){.internal-link target=_blank} still apply, but in this case, to all of the *path operations* in the app.

## Dependencies for groups of *path operations*

from pydantic import BaseModel, BaseSettings, SecretStr

awaiting_label = "awaiting-review"
lang_all_label = "lang-all"
approved_label = "approved-2"
translations_path = Path(__file__).parent / "translations.yml"

github_graphql_url = "https://api.github.com/graphql"
questions_translations_category_id = "DIC_kwDOCZduT84CT5P9"

all_discussions_query = """
query Q($category_id: ID) {
  repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "tiangolo") {

{% endfor %}

</div>
{% endif %}

### FastAPI Experts - All Time

Here are the all time **FastAPI Experts**. 🤓🤯

These are the users that have [helped others the most with questions in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} through *all time*. 🧙

{% if people %}
<div class="user-list user-list-center">

This might all sound abstract. Don't worry. You'll see all this in action in the [Tutorial - User Guide](tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

The important thing is that by using standard Python types, in a single place (instead of adding more classes, decorators, etc), **FastAPI** will do a lot of the work for you.

!!! info

    return db.query(models.User).filter(models.User.email == email).first()


def get_users(db: Session, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
    return db.query(models.User).offset(skip).limit(limit).all()


def create_user(db: Session, user: schemas.UserCreate):
    fake_hashed_password = user.password + "notreallyhashed"
    db_user = models.User(email=user.email, hashed_password=fake_hashed_password)
    db.add(db_user)

* Create a `metadata` object.
* Create a table `notes` using the `metadata` object.

```Python hl_lines="4  14  16-22"
{!../../../docs_src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! tip
    Notice that all this code is pure SQLAlchemy Core.

    `databases` is not doing anything here yet.

## Import and set up `databases`

* Import `databases`.
* Create a `DATABASE_URL`.
* Create a `database` object.

* **After** obtaining a secure connection, the communication protocol is **still HTTP**.
    * The contents are **encrypted**, even though they are being sent with the **HTTP protocol**.

* Converting non-JSON request bodies to JSON (e.g. <a href="https://msgpack.org/index.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">`msgpack`</a>).
* Decompressing gzip-compressed request bodies.
* Automatically logging all request bodies.

## Handling custom request body encodings

Let's see how to make use of a custom `Request` subclass to decompress gzip requests.

And an `APIRoute` subclass to use that custom request class.

You will see the automatic API docs for the sub-application, including only its own _path operations_, all under the correct sub-path prefix `/subapi`:

<img src="/img/tutorial/sub-applications/image02.png">