接下来，创建使用 `GzipRequest` 的 `fastapi.routing.APIRoute  ` 的自定义子类。

此时，这个自定义子类会覆盖 `APIRoute.get_route_handler()`。

`APIRoute.get_route_handler()` 方法返回的是函数，并且返回的函数接收请求并返回响应。

本例用它根据原始请求创建 `GzipRequest`。

```Python hl_lines="18-26"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "技术细节"

    `Request` 的 `request.scope` 属性是包含关联请求元数据的字典。

    `Request` 的 `request.receive` 方法是**接收**请求体的函数。

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="16"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="18"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!}
    ```

...그리고 만들어낸 모델인 `Item`으로 타입을 선언합니다.

## 결과

위에서의 단순한 파이썬 타입 선언으로, **FastAPI**는 다음과 같이 동작합니다:

* 요청의 본문을 JSON으로 읽어 들입니다.

    ```

### Das Kindmodell als Typ verwenden

Und dann können wir es als Typ eines Attributes verwenden.

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="18"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.9+"

    ```Python hl_lines="20"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py39.py!}
    ```

This method returns a function. And that function is what will receive a request and return a response.

Here we use it to create a `GzipRequest` from the original request.

```Python hl_lines="18-26"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "Technical Details"
    A `Request` has a `request.scope` attribute, that's just a Python `dict` containing the metadata related to the request.

👉 🕰, ⚫️ 🔜 📁 👩‍🔬 `APIRoute.get_route_handler()`.

👉 👩‍🔬 📨 🔢. & 👈 🔢 ⚫️❔ 🔜 📨 📨 & 📨 📨.

📥 👥 ⚙️ ⚫️ ✍ `GzipRequest` ⚪️➡️ ⏮️ 📨.

```Python hl_lines="18-26"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "📡 ℹ"
     `Request` ✔️ `request.scope` 🔢, 👈 🐍 `dict` ⚗ 🗃 🔗 📨.

     `Request` ✔️ `request.receive`, 👈 🔢 "📨" 💪 📨.

**FastAPI** unterstützt diese genauso wie einfache Strings:

```Python hl_lines="1  8-10  13  18"
{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002b.py!}
```

## Zusammenfassung und Beschreibung

Sie können eine Zusammenfassung (`summary`) und eine Beschreibung (`description`) hinzufügen:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="18-19"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003_py310.py!}

Use the `TestClient` object the same way as you do with `httpx`.

Write simple `assert` statements with the standard Python expressions that you need to check (again, standard `pytest`).

```Python hl_lines="2  12  15-18"
{!../../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! tip
    Notice that the testing functions are normal `def`, not `async def`.

    And the calls to the client are also normal calls, not using `await`.

```Python hl_lines="4  11  15-18"
{!../../../docs_src/templates/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note
    Antes do FastAPI 0.108.0, Starlette 0.29.0, `name` era o primeiro parâmetro.

### 💗 📁 📂 ⏮️ 🌖 🗃

& 🎏 🌌 ⏭, 👆 💪 ⚙️ `File()` ⚒ 🌖 🔢, `UploadFile`:

=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛"

    ```Python hl_lines="18"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003.py!}
    ```

=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛"

    ```Python hl_lines="16"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_py39.py!}
    ```

    ```

### Использование вложенной модели в качестве типа

Также мы можем использовать эту модель как тип атрибута:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="18"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.9+"

    ```Python hl_lines="20"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py39.py!}
    ```