"traceparent": "123",
                        "x_tag": [],
                        "accept": "*/*",
                        "accept-encoding": "gzip, deflate",
                        "connection": "keep-alive",
                        "user-agent": "testclient",
                        "save-data": "true",
                        "if-modified-since": "yesterday",
                        "x-tag": ["one", "two"],

                        "x_tag": [],
                        "host": "testserver",
                        "accept": "*/*",
                        "accept-encoding": "gzip, deflate",
                        "connection": "keep-alive",
                        "user-agent": "testclient",
                    },
                }
            ]
        }
    )


def test_header_param_model_extra(client: TestClient):

    In this case, it's a list of `Item` dataclasses.

6. Here we are returning a dictionary that contains `items` which is a list of dataclasses.

    FastAPI is still capable of <abbr title="converting the data to a format that can be transmitted">serializing</abbr> the data to JSON.

7. Here the `response_model` is using a type annotation of a list of `Author` dataclasses.

    mod.engine = create_engine(
        mod.sqlite_url, connect_args={"check_same_thread": False}, poolclass=StaticPool
    )

    with TestClient(mod.app) as c:
        yield c
    # Clean up connection explicitly to avoid resource warning
    mod.engine.dispose()


def test_crud_app(client: TestClient):
    # TODO: this warns that SQLModel.from_orm is deprecated in Pydantic v1, refactor

                    that `password`.
                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,

                """
            ),
        ],
        reason: Annotated[
            Union[str, None],
            Doc(
                """
                The reason to close the WebSocket connection.

                It is UTF-8-encoded data. The interpretation of the reason is up to the
                application, it is not specified by the WebSocket specification.

    mod.engine = create_engine(
        mod.sqlite_url, connect_args={"check_same_thread": False}, poolclass=StaticPool
    )

    with TestClient(mod.app) as c:
        yield c
    # Clean up connection explicitly to avoid resource warning
    mod.engine.dispose()


def test_crud_app(client: TestClient):
    # TODO: this warns that SQLModel.from_orm is deprecated in Pydantic v1, refactor

    * Path parameters.
    * Query parameters.
    * Cookies.
    * Headers.
    * Forms.
    * Files.
* <abbr title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</abbr> of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON):
    * Convert Python types (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc).
    * `datetime` objects.
    * `UUID` objects.
    * Database models.

    * Path parameters.
    * Query parameters.
    * Cookies.
    * Headers.
    * Forms.
    * Files.
* <abbr title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</abbr> of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON):
    * Convert Python types (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc).
    * `datetime` objects.
    * `UUID` objects.
    * Database models.

Examples:

    Source (English):

        «««
        <abbr title="also known as: endpoints, routes">path</abbr>
        <abbr title="a program that checks for code errors">linter</abbr>
        <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">parsing</abbr>
        <abbr title="before 2023-03">0.95.0</abbr>
        <abbr title="2023-08-26">at the time of writing this</abbr>
        »»»