// "C:foo" ("C:" - working dir of drive C on Windows)
      return parent;
    }

    // Paths that don't have a parent:
    if (path.getNameCount() == 0) {
      // "/", "C:\", "\" (no parent)
      // "" (undefined, though typically parent of working dir)
      // "C:" (parent of working dir of drive C on Windows)
      //
      // For working dir paths ("" and "C:"), return null because:

      // "C:foo" ("C:" - working dir of drive C on Windows)
      return parent;
    }

    // Paths that don't have a parent:
    if (path.getNameCount() == 0) {
      // "/", "C:\", "\" (no parent)
      // "" (undefined, though typically parent of working dir)
      // "C:" (parent of working dir of drive C on Windows)
      //
      // For working dir paths ("" and "C:"), return null because:

   * unsigned.
   *
   * <p><b>Java 8+ users:</b> use {@link Integer#toUnsignedString(int, int)} instead.
   *
   * @param x the value to convert to a string.
   * @param radix the radix to use while working with {@code x}
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code radix} is not between {@link Character#MIN_RADIX}
   *     and {@link Character#MAX_RADIX}.
   */
  public static String toString(int x, int radix) {

   * unsigned.
   *
   * <p><b>Java 8+ users:</b> use {@link Integer#toUnsignedString(int, int)} instead.
   *
   * @param x the value to convert to a string.
   * @param radix the radix to use while working with {@code x}
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code radix} is not between {@link Character#MIN_RADIX}
   *     and {@link Character#MAX_RADIX}.
   */
  public static String toString(int x, int radix) {

 *       returned)
 * </ol>
 *
 * <p>Alas, {@link #reverse} is a little different. As you read backwards through a chain and
 * encounter a call to {@code reverse}, continue working backwards until a result is determined, and
 * then reverse that result.
 *
 * <h3>Additional notes</h3>
 *
 * <p>Except as noted, the orderings returned by the factory methods of this class are serializable

 *       returned)
 * </ol>
 *
 * <p>Alas, {@link #reverse} is a little different. As you read backwards through a chain and
 * encounter a call to {@code reverse}, continue working backwards until a result is determined, and
 * then reverse that result.
 *
 * <h3>Additional notes</h3>
 *
 * <p>Except as noted, the orderings returned by the factory methods of this class are serializable

particularly, **waiting for the network**. But you will probably still get some nice performance improvements just from the upgrade.

The focus of this release is **compatibility** with Pydantic v1 and v2, to make sure your current apps keep working. Later there will be more focus on refactors, correctness, code improvements, and then **performance** improvements. Some third-party early beta testers that ran benchmarks on the beta releases of FastAPI reported improvements of **2x - 3x**. Which...

import com.google.caliper.Benchmark;
import com.google.caliper.Param;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Random;

/**
 * A benchmark to determine the overhead of sorting with {@link Ordering#from(Comparator)}, or with
 * {@link Ordering#natural()}, as opposed to using the inlined {@link Arrays#sort(Object[])}
 * implementation, which uses {@link Comparable#compareTo} directly.
 *

        occurrencesLeft = currentEntry.getValue().get();
      }
      occurrencesLeft--;
      canRemove = true;
      /*
       * requireNonNull is safe because occurrencesLeft starts at 0, forcing us to initialize
       * currentEntry above. After that, we never clear it.
       */
      return requireNonNull(currentEntry).getKey();
    }

    @Override
    public void remove() {

    assertEquals(4, list.lastIndexOf("b"));
  }

  public void testCopyOfDefensiveCopy() {
    // Depending on JDK version, either toArray() or toArray(T[]) may be called... use this class
    // rather than mocking to ensure that one of those methods is called.
    class TestArrayList<E> extends ArrayList<E> {
      boolean toArrayCalled = false;

      @Override
      public Object[] toArray() {
        toArrayCalled = true;