"schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item"},
                                "examples": {
                                    "normal": {
                                        "summary": "A normal example",
                                        "description": "A **normal** item works correctly.",
                                        "value": {
                                            "name": "Foo",

    def __iter__(self):
        raise NotImplementedError()

    @property
    def __dict__(self):
        raise NotImplementedError()


class RoleEnum(Enum):
    admin = "admin"
    normal = "normal"


class ModelWithConfig(BaseModel):
    role: Optional[RoleEnum] = None

    model_config = {"use_enum_values": True}


class ModelWithAlias(BaseModel):
    foo: str = Field(alias="Foo")

# GraphQL { #graphql }

As **FastAPI** is based on the **ASGI** standard, it's very easy to integrate any **GraphQL** library also compatible with ASGI.

You can combine normal FastAPI *path operations* with GraphQL on the same application.

/// tip

**GraphQL** solves some very specific use cases.

It has **advantages** and **disadvantages** when compared to common **web APIs**.

    * This allows adding extra code after a dependency is done. It can be used, for example, to close database connections.
    * Dependencies with `yield` can be normal or `async`, **FastAPI** will run normal dependencies in a threadpool.
    * They can be combined with normal dependencies.
    * It's possible to have arbitrary trees/levels of dependencies with `yield` and exit steps are handled in the correct order automatically.

                                "type": "string",
                                "format": "date-time",
                            },
                            "end_datetime": {
                                "title": "End Datetime",
                                "type": "string",
                                "format": "date-time",
                            },
                            "repeat_at": {

        require_serial: true
        language: unsupported
        types: [python]

      - id: local-ruff-format
        name: ruff format
        entry: uv run ruff format --force-exclude --exit-non-zero-on-format
        require_serial: true
        language: unsupported
        types: [python]

      - id: add-permalinks-pages
        language: unsupported

    assert app.openapi()["components"]["schemas"][body_model_name] == {
        "properties": {
            "p": {
                "anyOf": [
                    {"type": "string", "format": "binary"},
                    {"type": "null"},
                ],
                "title": "P",
            }
        },
        "title": body_model_name,
        "type": "object",
    }

    assert app.openapi()["components"]["schemas"][body_model_name] == {
        "properties": {
            "p": {
                "type": "array",
                "items": {"type": "string", "format": "binary"},
                "title": "P",
            },
        },
        "required": ["p"],
        "title": body_model_name,
        "type": "object",
    }


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path",

    body_model_name = get_body_model_name(openapi, path)

    assert app.openapi()["components"]["schemas"][body_model_name] == {
        "properties": {
            "p": {"title": "P", "type": "string", "format": "binary"},
        },
        "required": ["p"],
        "title": body_model_name,
        "type": "object",
    }


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path",
    [
        "/required-bytes",

                            "email": {
                                "title": "Email",
                                "type": "string",
                                "format": "email",
                            },
                            "full_name": {
                                "title": "Full Name",
                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "null"}],