});
    }

    @Test
    public void testStringWithAllowedWhitespace() throws Exception {
        validator.validateString("test\tstring", 100, "test");
        validator.validateString("test\r\nstring", 100, "test");
        // Should pass without exception
    }

    @Test
    public void testValidPath() throws Exception {
        validator.validatePath("\\share\\folder\\file.txt");

        assertEquals("teststring", InputValidator.sanitizeForLogging("test\nstring"));
        assertEquals("teststring", InputValidator.sanitizeForLogging("test\rstring"));
        assertEquals("teststring", InputValidator.sanitizeForLogging("test\tstring"));

        // Test long string truncation
        String longString = "a".repeat(1100);

  public static String nullToEmpty(@Nullable String string) {
    return Platform.nullToEmpty(string);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the given string if it is nonempty; {@code null} otherwise.
   *
   * @param string the string to test and possibly return
   * @return {@code string} itself if it is nonempty; {@code null} if it is empty or null
   */
  public static @Nullable String emptyToNull(@Nullable String string) {

        return getBytes(str, UNI_ENCODING);
    }

    /**
     * Encodes a string into ASCII bytes.
     *
     * @param str the string to encode
     * @return the string as bytes (ASCII)
     */
    public static byte[] getASCIIBytes(final String str) {
        return getBytes(str, ASCII_ENCODING);
    }

    /**
     * Encodes a string into bytes using the OEM encoding from the configuration.
     *

# Testing { #testing }

Thanks to <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a>, testing **FastAPI** applications is easy and enjoyable.

It is based on <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a>, which in turn is designed based on Requests, so it's very familiar and intuitive.

# Testing Events: lifespan and startup - shutdown { #testing-events-lifespan-and-startup-shutdown }

When you need `lifespan` to run in your tests, you can use the `TestClient` with a `with` statement:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial004.py hl[9:15,18,27:28,30:32,41:43] *}


You can read more details about the ["Running lifespan in tests in the official Starlette documentation site."](https://www.starlette.io/lifespan/#running-lifespan-in-tests)

# Testing a Database { #testing-a-database }

You can study about databases, SQL, and SQLModel in the <a href="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">SQLModel docs</a>. 🤓

There's a mini <a href="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/tutorial/fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">tutorial on using SQLModel with FastAPI</a>. ✨

    *   New endpoints in tf.strings namespace: `tf.strings.join` (corresponds to
        `tf.string_join`), `tf.strings.regex_replace`, `tf.strings.to_number`
        (corresponds to `tf.string_to_number`), `tf.strings.strip` (corresponds
        to `tf.string_strip`), `tf.strings.substr`, `tf.strings.to_hash_bucket`
        (corresponds to `tf.string_to_hash_bucket`),
        `tf.strings.to_hash_bucket_fast` (corresponds to

# Testing WebSockets { #testing-websockets }

You can use the same `TestClient` to test WebSockets.

For this, you use the `TestClient` in a `with` statement, connecting to the WebSocket:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002.py hl[27:31] *}

/// note

For more details, check Starlette's documentation for <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions" class="external-link" target="_blank">testing WebSockets</a>.

# Testing Dependencies with Overrides { #testing-dependencies-with-overrides }

## Overriding dependencies during testing { #overriding-dependencies-during-testing }

There are some scenarios where you might want to override a dependency during testing.

You don't want the original dependency to run (nor any of the sub-dependencies it might have).