assertEquals(1, chain1.updateCallCount);
        assertEquals(1, chain2.updateCallCount);
        assertEquals(1, chain3.updateCallCount);
    }

    // Test addChain null handling
    public void test_addChain_withNull() {
        // ArrayUtils.addAll handles null gracefully by adding it to the array
        authenticationManager.addChain(null);

        // Verify null chain doesn't cause issues during operations