```

### `HTMLResponse`

Takes some text or bytes and returns an HTML response, as you read above.

### `PlainTextResponse`

Takes some text or bytes and returns a plain text response.

```Python hl_lines="2  7  9"
{!../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial005.py!}
```

### `JSONResponse`

Takes some data and returns an `application/json` encoded response.

And that function takes parameters in the same way that *path operation functions* do.

/// tip

You'll see what other "things", apart from functions, can be used as dependencies in the next chapter.

///

Whenever a new request arrives, **FastAPI** will take care of:

* Calling your dependency ("dependable") function with the correct parameters.

* It takes each **request** that comes to your application.
* It can then do something to that **request** or run any needed code.
* Then it passes the **request** to be processed by the rest of the application (by some *path operation*).
* It then takes the **response** generated by the application (by some *path operation*).

      if (iterations >= maxIterations) {
        @SuppressWarnings("nullness") // safe because we pass sort() a range that contains real Ts
        T[] castBuffer = (T[]) buffer;
        // We've already taken O(k log k), let's make sure we don't take longer than O(k log k).
        sort(castBuffer, left, right + 1, comparator);
        break;
      }
    }
    bufferSize = k;

  }

  // TODO(cpovirk): instead of skipping, use a smaller number of steps
  @GwtIncompatible // works but takes 5 minutes to run
  public void testPeekingIteratorBehavesLikeIteratorOnThreeElementIterable() {
    actsLikeIteratorHelper(Lists.newArrayList("A", "B", "C"));
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // works but takes 5 minutes to run
  public void testPeekingIteratorAcceptsNullElements() {

You can import it directly from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import Request
```

/// tip

When you want to define dependencies that should be compatible with both HTTP and WebSockets, you can define a parameter that takes an `HTTPConnection` instead of a `Request` or a `WebSocket`.

///

import org.apache.maven.artifact.metadata.ArtifactMetadataSource;
import org.apache.maven.artifact.repository.ArtifactRepository;
import org.apache.maven.artifact.resolver.filter.ArtifactFilter;

/**
 * Artifact collector - takes a set of original artifacts and resolves all of the best versions to use
 * along with their metadata. No artifacts are downloaded.
 */
@Deprecated

   *       superclass, no equality check is done on the deserialized instance because it's not clear
   *       whether the author intended for the class to be a value type.
   *   <li>If a constructor or factory method takes a parameter whose type is interface, a dynamic
   *       proxy will be passed to the method. It's possible that the method body expects an

```python
from fastapi import WebSocket
```

/// tip

When you want to define dependencies that should be compatible with both HTTP and WebSockets, you can define a parameter that takes an `HTTPConnection` instead of a `Request` or a `WebSocket`.

///

::: fastapi.WebSocket
    options:
        members:
            - scope
            - app
            - url
            - base_url

## Mounting a **FastAPI** application

"Mounting" means adding a completely "independent" application in a specific path, that then takes care of handling everything under that path, with the _path operations_ declared in that sub-application.

### Top-level application

First, create the main, top-level, **FastAPI** application, and its *path operations*: