### Top-level application { #top-level-application }

First, create the main, top-level, **FastAPI** application, and its *path operations*:

{* ../../docs_src/sub_applications/tutorial001_py39.py hl[3, 6:8] *}

### Sub-application { #sub-application }

Then, create your sub-application, and its *path operations*.

This sub-application is just another standard FastAPI application, but this is the one that will be "mounted":

    /**
     * Validate that the constructor masks the supplied value to its
     * lowest 8 bits (NdrShort incorrectly masks to 8 bits even though it's a short).
     */
    @ParameterizedTest
    @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 1, 255, -1, 256, 65535 })
    void constructorMasksValue(int input) {
        NdrShort ns = new NdrShort(input);
        // NdrShort masks to 0xFF (8 bits) in its constructor
        int expected = input & 0xFF;

                "org.apache.maven.its.plugins",
                "maven-it-plugin",
                "0.1",
                "compile",
                "jar",
                null,
                new DefaultArtifactHandler("ignore"));
        PluginDescriptor descriptor = new PluginDescriptor();
        descriptor.setGroupId("org.apache.maven.its.plugins");
        descriptor.setArtifactId("maven-it-plugin");

        // Verify field accessibility is restored to its original state
        boolean finalAccessibility = field.canAccess(bean);
        assertEquals(
                initialAccessibility,
                finalAccessibility,
                "Field accessibility should be restored to its original state after setting value");
    }

    @Test

    }
    copyIntoArray(other, 0);
    return other;
  }

  /** If this collection is backed by an array of its elements in insertion order, returns it. */
  @Nullable Object @Nullable [] internalArray() {
    return null;
  }

  /**
   * If this collection is backed by an array of its elements in insertion order, returns the offset
   * where this collection's elements start.
   */
  int internalArrayStart() {

```

### Verifying signatures

Once you've downloaded a Gradle JAR file or a distribution and its corresponding signature file (with a `.asc` extension), you can verify its authenticity against the public key.

For example, to verify the signature of `plugin-publish-plugin-2.0.0.jar` and its signature file `plugin-publish-plugin-2.0.0.jar.asc`, use this command:

```bash

## Using the `jsonable_encoder` in a `Response` { #using-the-jsonable-encoder-in-a-response }

Because **FastAPI** doesn't make any changes to a `Response` you return, you have to make sure its contents are ready for it.

For example, you cannot put a Pydantic model in a `JSONResponse` without first converting it to a `dict` with all the data types (like `datetime`, `UUID`, etc) converted to JSON-compatible types.

    modify, display, perform, distribute, and otherwise exploit its
    Contributions, either on an unmodified basis, with Modifications, or
    as part of a Larger Work; and

(b) under Patent Claims of such Contributor to make, use, sell, offer
    for sale, have made, import, and otherwise transfer either its
    Contributions or its Contributor Version.

2.2. Effective Date

import java.util.PriorityQueue;
import java.util.Queue;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * A double-ended priority queue, which provides constant-time access to both its least element and
 * its greatest element, as determined by the queue's specified comparator. If no comparator is
 * given at creation time, the natural order of elements is used. If no maximum size is given at

Use its [builder][handshake_certificates_builder] to define which certificates the HTTPS server
returns to its clients. The returned instance can create an `SSLSocketFactory` that implements this
policy:

```java
HandshakeCertificates serverCertificates = new HandshakeCertificates.Builder()
    .heldCertificate(localhostCertificate)
    .build();
MockWebServer server = new MockWebServer();