* of the returned array is that of the specified array. If the collection fits in the specified
   * array, it is returned therein. Otherwise, a new array is allocated with the runtime type of the
   * specified array and the size of the specified collection.
   *
   * <p>If the collection fits in the specified array with room to spare (i.e., the array has more

   * of the returned array is that of the specified array. If the collection fits in the specified
   * array, it is returned therein. Otherwise, a new array is allocated with the runtime type of the
   * specified array and the size of the specified collection.
   *
   * <p>If the collection fits in the specified array with room to spare (i.e., the array has more

    public void test_addHistoryWithBudget_turnBasedPacking_contiguousRecency() {
        // 3 turns: turn0(Q1+A1=4), turn1(big=200), turn2(Q3+A3=4)
        // Budget=20: turn2 fits (4, remaining=16), turn1 doesn't fit (200>16), stop
        // Even though turn0 (4 chars) would fit individually, contiguity is maintained
        final List<LlmMessage> history = new ArrayList<>();
        history.add(LlmMessage.user("Q1")); // 2

   * type of the returned array is that of the specified array. If the queue fits in the specified
   * array, it is returned therein. Otherwise, a new array is allocated with the runtime type of the
   * specified array and the size of this queue.
   *
   * <p>If this queue fits in the specified array with room to spare (i.e., the array has more

   * array is that of the specified array. The returned array elements are in no particular order.
   * If the queue fits in the specified array, it is returned therein. Otherwise, a new array is
   * allocated with the runtime type of the specified array and the size of this queue.
   *
   * <p>If this queue fits in the specified array with room to spare (i.e., the array has more

   * type of the returned array is that of the specified array. If the queue fits in the specified
   * array, it is returned therein. Otherwise, a new array is allocated with the runtime type of the
   * specified array and the size of this queue.
   *
   * <p>If this queue fits in the specified array with room to spare (i.e., the array has more

	// Add leading zeros, but leave room for a NUL.
	if n := len(b) - len(s) - 1; n > 0 {
		s = strings.Repeat("0", n) + s
	}
	f.formatString(b, s)
}

// fitsInOctal reports whether the integer x fits in a field n-bytes long
// using octal encoding with the appropriate NUL terminator.
func fitsInOctal(n int, x int64) bool {
	octBits := uint(n-1) * 3
	return x >= 0 && (n >= 22 || x < 1<<octBits)
}

  public static boolean isPowerOfTwo(int x) {
    return x > 0 & (x & (x - 1)) == 0;
  }

  /**
   * Returns 1 if {@code x < y} as unsigned integers, and 0 otherwise. Assumes that x - y fits into
   * a signed int. The implementation is branch-free, and benchmarks suggest it is measurably (if
   * narrowly) faster than the straightforward ternary expression.
   */
  @VisibleForTesting

  public static boolean isPowerOfTwo(long x) {
    return x > 0 & (x & (x - 1)) == 0;
  }

  /**
   * Returns 1 if {@code x < y} as unsigned longs, and 0 otherwise. Assumes that x - y fits into a
   * signed long. The implementation is branch-free, and benchmarks suggest it is measurably faster
   * than the straightforward ternary expression.
   */
  @VisibleForTesting

  }

  /**
   * Sorts the array, treating its elements as unsigned bytes.
   *
   * @since 23.1
   */
  public static void sort(byte[] array) {
    checkNotNull(array);
    sort(array, 0, array.length);
  }

  /**
   * Sorts the array between {@code fromIndex} inclusive and {@code toIndex} exclusive, treating its
   * elements as unsigned bytes.
   *
   * @since 23.1
   */