For that you need to access the request directly.

{* ../../docs_src/using_request_directly/tutorial001_py39.py hl[1,7:8] *}

By declaring a *path operation function* parameter with the type being the `Request` **FastAPI** will know to pass the `Request` in that parameter.

/// tip

Note that in this case, we are declaring a path parameter beside the request parameter.

Python has support for optional "type hints" (also called "type annotations").

These **"type hints"** or annotations are a special syntax that allow declaring the <abbr title="for example: str, int, float, bool">type</abbr> of a variable.

By declaring types for your variables, editors and tools can give you better support.

## OAuth2 Security scheme { #oauth2-security-scheme }

The first change is that now we are declaring the OAuth2 security scheme with two available scopes, `me` and `items`.

The `scopes` parameter receives a `dict` with each scope as a key and the description as the value:

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py hl[63:66] *}

Because we are now declaring those scopes, they will show up in the API docs when you log-in/authorize.

    if (signArtifacts) {
        // Otherwise we get
        // ask ':tooling-api:publishGradleDistributionPublicationToRemoteRepository' uses this output of task ':tooling-api:signLocalPublication'
        // without declaring an explicit or implicit dependency. This can lead to incorrect results being produced, depending on what order the tasks are executed.
        tasks.named("publishGradleDistributionPublicationToRemoteRepository") {

In some cases you don't really need the return value of a dependency inside your *path operation function*.

Or the dependency doesn't return a value.

But you still need it to be executed/solved.

For those cases, instead of declaring a *path operation function* parameter with `Depends`, you can add a `list` of `dependencies` to the *path operation decorator*.

/// info

The `app.webhooks` object is actually just an `APIRouter`, the same type you would use when structuring your app with multiple files.

///

Notice that with webhooks you are actually not declaring a *path* (like `/items/`), the text you pass there is just an **identifier** of the webhook (the name of the event), for example in `@app.webhooks.post("new-subscription")`, the webhook name is `new-subscription`.

Also, before that, in previous versions, the `request` object was passed as part of the key-value pairs in the context for Jinja2.

///

/// tip

By declaring `response_class=HTMLResponse` the docs UI will be able to know that the response will be HTML.

///

/// note | Technical Details

You could also use `from starlette.templating import Jinja2Templates`.

Because all the **fields actually change** (the type now includes `None` and they now have a default value of `None`), we need to **re-declare** them.

We don't really need to inherit from `HeroBase` because we are re-declaring all the fields. I'll leave it inheriting just for consistency, but this is not necessary. It's more a matter of personal taste. 🤷

The fields of `HeroUpdate` are:

* `name`
* `age`
* `secret_name`

You can use this same `responses` parameter to add different media types for the same main response.

For example, you can add an additional media type of `image/png`, declaring that your *path operation* can return a JSON object (with media type `application/json`) or a PNG image:

{* ../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial002_py310.py hl[17:22,26] *}

/// note

///

```Python
commons = Depends(CommonQueryParams)
```

////

...as in:

{* ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_an_py310.py hl[19] *}

But declaring the type is encouraged as that way your editor will know what will be passed as the parameter `commons`, and then it can help you with code completion, type checks, etc:

<img src="/img/tutorial/dependencies/image02.png">