But when checking benchmarks and comparisons you should keep the following in mind.

## Benchmarks and speed { #benchmarks-and-speed }

When you check the benchmarks, it is common to see several tools of different types compared as equivalent.

    private const val HEADER_WEB_SOCKET_EXTENSION = "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions"

    @Throws(IOException::class)
    fun parse(responseHeaders: Headers): WebSocketExtensions {
      // Note that this code does case-insensitive comparisons, even though the spec doesn't specify
      // whether extension tokens and parameters are case-insensitive or not.

      var compressionEnabled = false
      var clientMaxWindowBits: Int? = null

 *
 * <p><b>Note:</b> by default, the returned cache uses equality comparisons (the {@link
 * Object#equals equals} method) to determine equality for keys or values. However, if {@link
 * #weakKeys} was specified, the cache uses identity ({@code ==}) comparisons instead for keys.
 * Likewise, if {@link #weakValues} or {@link #softValues} was specified, the cache uses identity
 * comparisons for values.
 *

# Alternatives, Inspiration and Comparisons { #alternatives-inspiration-and-comparisons }

What inspired **FastAPI**, how it compares to alternatives and what it learned from them.

## Intro { #intro }

**FastAPI** wouldn't exist if not for the previous work of others.

There have been many tools created before that have helped inspire its creation.

 *
 * <p><b>Note:</b> by default, the returned cache uses equality comparisons (the {@link
 * Object#equals equals} method) to determine equality for keys or values. However, if {@link
 * #weakKeys} was specified, the cache uses identity ({@code ==}) comparisons instead for keys.
 * Likewise, if {@link #weakValues} or {@link #softValues} was specified, the cache uses identity
 * comparisons for values.
 *

      int permutations = 1;
      int n = 1;
      int r = 1;
      while (n < sortedInputList.size()) {
        int comparison = comparator.compare(sortedInputList.get(n - 1), sortedInputList.get(n));
        if (comparison < 0) {
          // We move to the next non-repeated element.
          permutations = IntMath.saturatedMultiply(permutations, IntMath.binomial(n, r));
          r = 0;

    // Since the last element of the heap is from the bottom level, we
    // optimistically fill index position with elements from lower levels,
    // moving the hole down. In most cases this reduces the number of
    // comparisons with toTrickle, but in some cases we will need to bubble it
    // all the way up again.
    int vacated = heap.fillHoleAt(index);
    // Try to see if toTrickle can be bubbled up min levels.

    // Since the last element of the heap is from the bottom level, we
    // optimistically fill index position with elements from lower levels,
    // moving the hole down. In most cases this reduces the number of
    // comparisons with toTrickle, but in some cases we will need to bubble it
    // all the way up again.
    int vacated = heap.fillHoleAt(index);
    // Try to see if toTrickle can be bubbled up min levels.

# 替代方案、灵感与对比 { #alternatives-inspiration-and-comparisons }

是什么启发了 **FastAPI**，它与替代方案的比较，以及它从中学到的东西。

## 介绍 { #intro }

没有前人的工作，就不会有 **FastAPI**。

在它诞生之前，已经有许多工具为其提供了灵感。

我曾经多年避免创建一个新框架。起初，我尝试用许多不同的框架、插件和工具来解决 **FastAPI** 所覆盖的全部功能。

但在某个时刻，除了创造一个能提供所有这些功能的东西之外，别无选择；它要吸收以往工具的最佳理念，并以尽可能好的方式组合起来，利用之前都不存在的语言特性（Python 3.6+ 类型提示）。

## 先前的工具 { #previous-tools }

### [Django](https://www.djangoproject.com/) { #django }

 *
 * <p><b>Java 8+ users:</b> several common uses for this class are now more comprehensively
 * addressed by the new {@link java.util.stream.Stream} library. Read the method documentation below
 * for comparisons. This class is not being deprecated, but we gently encourage you to migrate to
 * streams.
 *
 * <p><i>Performance notes:</i> Unless otherwise noted, all of the iterables produced in this class