}
        // Clear system properties that might affect the test
        System.clearProperty("jcifs.properties");
        System.clearProperty("java.protocol.handler.pkgs");
        // Clear jcifs-specific properties to prevent test interference
        System.clearProperty("jcifs.smb.client.nativeOs");
        System.clearProperty("jcifs.smb.client.nativeLanMan");
    }

    @Test

        } finally {
            // Cleanup
            if (originalValue != null) {
                System.setProperty("jcifs.smb.client.domain", originalValue);
            } else {
                System.clearProperty("jcifs.smb.client.domain");
            }
        }
    }

        // Restore original property
        if (originalLmCompatibility != null) {
            jcifs.smb1.Config.setProperty("jcifs.smb1.smb.lmCompatibility", originalLmCompatibility);
        } else {
            System.clearProperty("jcifs.smb1.smb.lmCompatibility");
        }
    }

    // Test constructor with domain, username, and password
    @Test
    void testConstructorWithDomainUsernamePassword() {

        // This test verifies that when the system property is null, the handler
        // falls back to using default handlers without throwing NullPointerException.
        System.clearProperty("java.protocol.handler.pkgs");
        setupMockProtocolHandlers();
        URL url = new URL("http://example.com/resource");

        URLConnection connection = handler.openConnection(url);