assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> Range.atLeast(2).gap(Range.atLeast(1)));

    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> Range.atMost(1).gap(Range.atMost(2)));

    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> Range.atMost(2).gap(Range.atMost(1)));
  }

  public void testGap_connectedAdjacentYieldsEmpty() {
    Range<Integer> range = Range.open(3, 4);

    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> Range.atLeast(2).gap(Range.atLeast(1)));

    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> Range.atMost(1).gap(Range.atMost(2)));

    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> Range.atMost(2).gap(Range.atMost(1)));
  }

  public void testGap_connectedAdjacentYieldsEmpty() {
    Range<Integer> range = Range.open(3, 4);

        ContiguousSet.create(Range.atLeast(Integer.MIN_VALUE), integers()));
    assertEquals(
        ContiguousSet.closed(Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE),
        ContiguousSet.create(Range.atMost(Integer.MAX_VALUE), integers()));
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // SerializableTester
  public void testSerialization() {
    ContiguousSet<Integer> empty = ContiguousSet.create(Range.closedOpen(1, 1), integers());

        ContiguousSet.create(Range.atLeast(Integer.MIN_VALUE), integers()));
    assertEquals(
        ContiguousSet.closed(Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE),
        ContiguousSet.create(Range.atMost(Integer.MAX_VALUE), integers()));
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // SerializableTester
  public void testSerialization() {
    ContiguousSet<Integer> empty = ContiguousSet.create(Range.closedOpen(1, 1), integers());

    assertEquals(empty, Maps.subMap(map, Range.atMost(0)));
    assertEquals(ImmutableSortedMap.of(2, 0, 4, 0), Maps.subMap(map, Range.atMost(4)));
    assertEquals(ImmutableSortedMap.of(2, 0, 4, 0, 6, 0), Maps.subMap(map, Range.atMost(7)));
    assertEquals(map, Maps.subMap(map, Range.atMost(20)));
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // NavigableMap
  public void testSubMap_unboundedRange() {

It was deprecated from Starlette, but if you have code that used it, you can easily **migrate** to [starlette-graphene3](https://github.com/ciscorn/starlette-graphene3), that covers the same use case and has an **almost identical interface**.

/// tip

If you need GraphQL, I still would recommend you check out [Strawberry](https://strawberry.rocks/), as it's based on type annotations instead of custom classes and types.

///

* **FastAPI**:
    * The same way that Starlette uses Uvicorn and cannot be faster than it, **FastAPI** uses Starlette, so it cannot be faster than it.
    * FastAPI provides more features on top of Starlette. Features that you almost always need when building APIs, like data validation and serialization. And by using it, you get automatic documentation for free (the automatic documentation doesn't even add overhead to running applications, it is generated on startup).

    * An example is `404`, for a "Not Found" response.
    * For generic errors from the client, you can just use `400`.
* `500 - 599` are for server errors. You almost never use them directly. When something goes wrong at some part in your application code, or server, it will automatically return one of these status codes.

/// tip

 * {@link ImmutableList}) instead of the general collection interface type (such as {@link List}).
 * This communicates to your callers all of the semantic guarantees listed above, which is almost
 * always very useful information.
 *
 * <p>On the other hand, a <i>parameter</i> type of {@link ImmutableList} is generally a nuisance to

    }
    /*
     * Uses the binary GCD algorithm; see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_GCD_algorithm. This is
     * >40% faster than the Euclidean algorithm in benchmarks.
     */
    int aTwos = Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(a);
    a >>= aTwos; // divide out all 2s
    int bTwos = Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(b);
    b >>= bTwos; // divide out all 2s
    while (a != b) { // both a, b are odd