## Requirements

After testing several alternatives, I decided that I was going to use <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Pydantic**</a> for its advantages.

Then I contributed to it, to make it fully compliant with JSON Schema, to support different ways to define constraint declarations, and to improve editor support (type checks, autocompletion) based on the tests in several editors.

Now, MinIO encrypts IAM / configuration and S3 objects with a KMS, if present. This
change unified the key-management aspect within MinIO.

The unified KMS-based approach has several advantages:

- Key management is now centralized. There is one way to change or rotate encryption keys.
   There used to be two different mechanisms - one for regular S3 objects and one for IAM data.

    }
  }

  /**
   * Implementation of {@link Stream#flatMap} with an object spliterator output type.
   *
   * <p>To avoid having this type, we could use {@code FlatMapSpliterator} directly. The main
   * advantages to having the type are the ability to use its constructor reference below and the
   * parallelism with the primitive version. In short, it makes its caller ({@code flatMap})
   * simpler.
   *

    !!! tip
        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.

    ```Python hl_lines="12"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!}
    ```

Using `UploadFile` has several advantages over `bytes`:

* You don't have to use `File()` in the default value of the parameter.
* It uses a "spooled" file:

This is just a **quick tutorial / refresher** about Python type hints. It covers only the minimum necessary to use them with **FastAPI**... which is actually very little.

**FastAPI** is all based on these type hints, they give it many advantages and benefits.

But even if you never use **FastAPI**, you would benefit from learning a bit about them.

!!! note
    If you are a Python expert, and you already know everything about type hints, skip to the next chapter.

!!! tip
    For new code and whenever possible, use `Annotated` as explained above. There are multiple advantages (explained below) and no disadvantages. 🍰

This is how you would use `Query()` as the default value of your function parameter, setting the parameter `max_length` to 50:

=== "Python 3.10+"

Using Linux containers has several advantages including **security**, **replicability**, **simplicity**, and others.

!!! tip
    In a hurry and already know this stuff? Jump to the [`Dockerfile` below 👇](#build-a-docker-image-for-fastapi).

<details>

    On voit bien dans la documentation que `item_id` est déclaré comme entier.

## Les avantages d'avoir une documentation basée sur une norme, et la documentation alternative.

   * <p>Note: This default implementation is overkill (but valid) for an unordered container. An
   * equally valid implementation for an unordered container is to throw an exception. The chosen
   * implementation, however, has the advantage of working for insertion-ordered containers, as
   * well.
   */
  @Override
  public List<String> order(List<String> insertionOrder) {
    return insertionOrder;
  }

   * <p>Note: This default implementation is overkill (but valid) for an unordered container. An
   * equally valid implementation for an unordered container is to throw an exception. The chosen
   * implementation, however, has the advantage of working for insertion-ordered containers, as
   * well.
   */
  @Override
  public List<Integer> order(List<Integer> insertionOrder) {
    return insertionOrder;
  }