Sebastián Ramírez <******@****.***> 1774015637 +0100

Sebastián Ramírez <******@****.***> 1774026338 +0100

///

/// warning

You can declare multiple `Form` parameters in a *path operation*, but you can't also declare `Body` fields that you expect to receive as JSON, as the request will have the body encoded using `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead of `application/json`.

This is not a limitation of **FastAPI**, it's part of the HTTP protocol.

///

## Recap { #recap }

# Request Files { #request-files }

You can define files to be uploaded by the client using `File`.

/// info

To receive uploaded files, first install [`python-multipart`](https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart).

Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md), activate it, and then install it, for example:

```console
$ pip install python-multipart
```

This is because uploaded files are sent as "form data".

Sebastián Ramírez <******@****.***> 1774015586 +0100

Sebastián Ramírez <******@****.***> 1774026397 +0100

**FastAPI** 将从请求中的**表单数据**中**提取**出**每个字段**的数据，并提供你定义的 Pydantic 模型。

## 检查文档 { #check-the-docs }

你可以在文档 UI 中验证它，地址为 `/docs`：

<div class="screenshot">
<img src="/img/tutorial/request-form-models/image01.png">
</div>

## 禁止额外的表单字段 { #forbid-extra-form-fields }

在某些特殊使用情况下（可能并不常见），你可能希望将表单字段**限制**为仅在 Pydantic 模型中声明过的字段，并**禁止**任何**额外**的字段。

/// note | 注意

自 FastAPI 版本 `0.114.0` 起支持此功能。🤓

# Using the Request Directly { #using-the-request-directly }

Up to now, you have been declaring the parts of the request that you need with their types.

Taking data from:

* The path as parameters.
* Headers.
* Cookies.
* etc.

And by doing so, **FastAPI** is validating that data, converting it and generating documentation for your API automatically.

But there are situations where you might need to access the `Request` object directly.

**FastAPI** will **extract** the data for **each field** from the **form data** in the request and give you the Pydantic model you defined.

## Check the Docs { #check-the-docs }

You can verify it in the docs UI at `/docs`:

<div class="screenshot">
<img src="/img/tutorial/request-form-models/image01.png">
</div>

## Forbid Extra Form Fields { #forbid-extra-form-fields }

/// note | 技術詳細

`Request` には `request.scope` 属性があり、これはリクエストに関するメタデータを含む Python の `dict` です。

`Request` には `request.receive` もあり、これはリクエストの本体を「受信」するための関数です。

`scope` の `dict` と `receive` 関数はいずれも ASGI 仕様の一部です。

そしてこの 2 つ（`scope` と `receive`）が、新しい `Request` インスタンスを作成するために必要なものです。

`Request` について詳しくは、[Starlette の Requests に関するドキュメント](https://www.starlette.dev/requests/) を参照してください。